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Correlational findings

Study Pollmann-Schult (2018): study ZZ Europe 2002

Public
18-59 aged women in 24 European nations 2002 - 2012
Survey name
EU-ESS 1-5: 2002-2012
Sample
Respondents
N = 56431
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
Mother (vs childless)
Our Classification
Distribution
N = 1: 4.676, 0: 15.448
Related specification variables
Operationalization
1:  single mothers
0:  single childless women

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-b DM = - Single mothers:   M = 6,12 SD = 2,43
Single childless: M = 7,00 SD = 2,07
- difference         -0,88
O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-b b = -.33 p < .01 b controled for
- Personal characteristics
  - employment status
  - education
  - age
  - being separated or divorced
  - health
  - number and age of children
  - survey wave
- Country characteristics
  - family benefits
  - child care provisions
  - gender empowerment
  - societal attitudes (to single parenthood)
  - GDP (log)

Less negative in countries with more
- family benefits
- child care provision
- gender empowerment (women emancipation)

Unaffected by societal attitudes