Study Costa & McCrae (1980): study US 1976
- Public
- 35-85 aged white males (largely veterans), USA, 1976
- Sample
- Respondents
- N = 1100
- Non Response
- T1:21%; T2:18%; T3:27%; T4:46%
- Assessment
-
Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)
Mailed questionnaire att intervals of 3 months
Correlate
- Authors's Label
- Hopelessness
- Our Classification
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- Remarks
- The Hopelessness Scale (Beck, Weisman, Lester and Trexler, 1974)
- Operationalization
- Selfreport on 20 questions, such as
- I might as well give up because I cant make things better for my self (true)
- I can't imagine what my life would be like in 20 years (true)
I lok forward to the future with hope and enthusiasm (false)
- When things are going badly I am helped by knowing they can't stay that way forever