Study Gall et al. (1997): study US 1971
- Public
- University students, USA, 1971
- Sample
- Respondents
- N = 86
- Non Response
- -
- Assessment
-
Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)
And content analysis
Correlate
- Authors's Label
- Personal values_B
- Our Classification
-
-
- Remarks
- 2 x 2 tables: - mentioned vs not-mentioned - most happy vs. leasthappy (top and bottom 27%). Not affected by sex except when indicated otherwise.
- Operationalization
- Content analysis of each Ss written philosophy of life by 5 judges, using a list of 68 frequently mentioned values (selected out of the entire set of philosophies by the author)
1:Mentioned.
2:Not-mentioned
a. Happiness(pleasure, joy, satisfaction, contentment, etc.)
b. Enjoyment of life
c. Inner peace (calmness)
d. Living life to its fullest (living each moment fully)
e. Fun, excitement, good times
f. An education
g. Learning
h. Meaning and purpose for life
i. Love of life
j. Live day-by-day;living in the present(in the here and now)
k. An active life
l. A slower pace to life (a relaxed pace)
m. Simplicity in living
n. Flowing with the tide of life
o. Openness to experience
p. Variety of experience
q. Interpersonal relationships; friendships
r. Marriage and family life
s. Love (in general)
t. Love for others
u. Being tolerant, accepting, and non- judgmental towards others (letting them be)
v. Sympathy, empathy, understanding
w. Being kind and caring towards others
x. Being needed by others
y. Placing others above self
z. Placing self above others
aa. Respect for others (valueing every human being)
ab. Helping others
ac. Making a contribution to man or society.
ad. Realizing potentials (growth, utitilizing talents, self-actualization, self-improvement)
ae. Being capable (mastery)
af. Striving for goals; accomplishment (challenge)
ag. Perfection
ah. Creativity
ai. World peace
aj. Material comfort; prosperity
ak. Anti-materialsm; anti-capitalism
al. Security
am. Anti various aspects of American society
an. Anti-technology
ao. Anti-prejudice
ap. Anti worries and problems
aq. Sports and physical activity
ar. Appreciate nature
as. Beauty, art, music
at. Self-control
au. Optimism (looking on the bright, positive side of living)
av. Pessimism
aw. Being genuine (being natural; not fake)
ax. Truthfulness, honesty
ay. Being individualistic
az. Inner directed (doesn't let others influence decisions think for own self; self-determined)
ba. Other directed (considers others's pinions and reactions in making decisions; pleases others)
bb. Conformity in society
bc. Self-confidence, belief in self
bd. Self-love, pride, self-respect
be. Being conservative
bf. Being liberal
bg. Respecting authority; obedience (to God, law, authority)
bh. Realistic
bi. Trust (in self and others)
bj. Freedom (of choice and action)
bk. Fairness, justice
bl. Flexibility (openness to change)
bm. Thankfulness; being grateful
bn. Solitude, withdrawal from others
bo. Open-mindedness
bp. Equality