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Correlational findings

Study Gall et al. (1997): study US 1971

Public
University students, USA, 1971
Sample
Respondents
N = 86
Non Response
-
Assessment
Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)
And content analysis

Correlate

Authors's Label
Personal values_B
Our Classification
Remarks
2 x 2 tables: - mentioned vs not-mentioned - most happy vs. leasthappy (top and bottom 27%). Not affected by sex except when indicated otherwise.
Operationalization
Content analysis of each Ss written philosophy of life by 5 judges, using a list of 68 frequently mentioned values (selected out of the entire set of philosophies by the author)
1:Mentioned.
2:Not-mentioned

a. Happiness(pleasure, joy, satisfaction, contentment, etc.)
b. Enjoyment of life
c. Inner peace (calmness)
d. Living life to its fullest (living each moment fully)
e. Fun, excitement, good times
f. An education
g. Learning
h. Meaning and purpose for life
i. Love of life
j. Live day-by-day;living in the present(in the here and now)
k. An active life
l. A slower pace to life (a relaxed pace)
m. Simplicity in living
n. Flowing with the tide of life
o. Openness to experience
p. Variety of experience
q. Interpersonal relationships; friendships
r. Marriage and family life
s. Love (in general)
t. Love for others
u. Being tolerant, accepting, and non- judgmental towards others (letting them be)
v. Sympathy, empathy, understanding
w. Being kind and caring towards others
x. Being needed by others
y. Placing others above self
z. Placing self above others
aa. Respect for others (valueing every human being)
ab. Helping others
ac. Making a contribution to man or society.
ad. Realizing potentials (growth, utitilizing talents, self-actualization, self-improvement)
ae. Being capable (mastery)
af. Striving for goals; accomplishment (challenge)
ag. Perfection
ah. Creativity
ai. World peace
aj. Material comfort; prosperity
ak. Anti-materialsm; anti-capitalism
al. Security
am. Anti various aspects of American society
an. Anti-technology
ao. Anti-prejudice
ap. Anti worries and problems
aq. Sports and physical activity
ar. Appreciate nature
as. Beauty, art, music
at. Self-control
au. Optimism (looking on the bright, positive side of living)
av. Pessimism
aw. Being genuine (being natural; not fake)
ax. Truthfulness, honesty
ay. Being individualistic
az. Inner directed (doesn't let others influence decisions think for own self; self-determined)
ba. Other directed (considers others's pinions and reactions in making decisions; pleases others)
bb. Conformity in society
bc. Self-confidence, belief in self
bd. Self-love, pride, self-respect
be. Being conservative
bf. Being liberal
bg. Respecting authority; obedience (to God, law, authority)
bh. Realistic
bi. Trust (in self and others)
bj. Freedom (of choice and action)
bk. Fairness, justice
bl. Flexibility (openness to change)
bm. Thankfulness; being grateful
bn. Solitude, withdrawal from others
bo. Open-mindedness
bp. Equality

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = + p < .05 a.Happines(pleasure,joy,satisfaction, contentment, ect.) A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns b.Enjoyment of life A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = + p < .05 c.Inner peace(calmness) A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns d.Living life to its fullest (living each moment fully) A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = + ns e.Fun, exitement, good times. A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns f.An education A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns g.Learning. A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = + p < .05 h.Meaning and purpose for life. A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = + p < .05 i.Love of life. A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns j.Live day-by-day; living in the present (in the here and now) A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns k.An active life A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns l.A slower pace to life (a relaxed  pace) A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns m.Simplicity in living. A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns n.Flowing with the tide of life. A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns o.Openness to experience. A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns p.Variety of experience. A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns q.Interpersonal relationships; friendships. A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns r.Marriage and family life A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns s.Love (in general) A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = + p < .05 t.Love for others Significant (01) among females only A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = + ns u.Being tolerant, accepting, and non-judgemental towards others(letting them be) Significant (05) among females only A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns v.Sympathy, empathy, understanding A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = + ns w.Being kind and caring towards others Significant (05) among females only A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns x.Being needed by others A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns y.Placing others above self A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns z.Placing self above others A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns aa.Respect for others (valueing every human being) A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns ab.Helping others A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns ac.Making a contribution to man or society A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns ad.Realizing potentials (growth, utilizing talents, self-actualization, self-improvement) A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns ae.Being capable (mastery) A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns af.Striving for goals;accomplishment(challenge) A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns ag.Perfection A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns ah.Creativity A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns ai.World peace A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns aj.Material comfort; prosperity A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns ak.Anti-materialsm; anti-capitalism A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns al.Security A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns am.Anti various aspects of Amercan society A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns an.Anti-technology A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns ao.Anti-prejudice A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns ap.Anti worries and problems A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns aq.Sports and physical activity A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns ar.Appreciate nature A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns as.Beauty, art, music A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns at.Self-control A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = + p < .05 au.Optimism (looking on the bright, positive side of living) A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns av.Pessimism A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns aw.Being genuine (being natural; not fake) A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns ax.Truthfulness, honesty A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = - ns ay.Being individualistic A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = - p < .05 az.Inner directed (doesn't let others influence decisions; think for own self; self determined) A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns ba.Other directed (considers others's opinion and reactions in making decisions; pleases others) A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns bb.Conformity in society A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns bc.Self-confidence, belief in self A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns bd.Self-love, pride, self respect A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns be.Being conservative A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns bf.Being liberal A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns bg.Respecting authority; obedience (to God,law, authaurity) A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns bh.Realistic A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns bi.Trust (in self and others) A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = - ns bj.Freedom (of choice and action) A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = - p < .05 bk.Fairness, justice A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns bl.Flexibility (openness to change) A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns bm.Thankfulness; being grateful A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = - ns bn.Solitude, withdrawal from others A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns bo.Open-mindedness A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-a Chi² = ns bp.Equality