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Correlational findings

Study Ponomarenko (2016): study ZZ EU 13 2006

Public
50+ aged, 13 European countries, 2006/07
Survey name
SHARE
Sample
Respondents
N = 8098
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI)

Correlate

Authors's Label
Part-time employment history
Our Classification
Remarks
part-time employment history of SHARELIFE data were transformed into the Job Episodes Panel (JEP),
Distribution
Men: 0.795, Women: 9.60%, Total: 5.18%
Related specification variables
Operationalization
selfreported part-time employment history at least 6 months
a) at 15-24 years
b) at 25-49 years
c) at 50-60 years
1. Yes
0. No

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLu-u-sq-n-11-c b = + ns Part-time employment at 15-24 years (vs not)
- Men                            b = +.05 (ns)
  - socio-democratic nations     b = +.69 (10)
  - conservative nations         b = -.28 (ns)
  - southern nations             b = +.01 (05)
  - Post-transitional nations    b = -.53 (ns)
- Women                          b = +.06 (ns)
  - socio-democratic nations     b = +.06 (ns)
  - conservative ations          b = +.20 (05)
  - southern nations             b = -.18 (ns)
  - Post-transitional nations    b = -.02 (ns)
O-SLu-u-sq-n-11-c b = - ns Part-time employment at 25-49 years (vs not)
- Men                    b = -.07 (ns)
  - socio-democratic nations     b = -.24 (ns)
  - conservative nations         b = +.06 (ns)
  - southern nations             b = +.17 (ns)
  - Post-transitional nations    b = +.68 (ns)
- Women                          b = -.07 (ns)
  - socio-democratic nations     b = -.19 (ns)
  - conservative nations         b = -.07 (ns)
  - southern nations             b = +.07 (ns)
  - Post-transitional nations    b = +.08 (ns)
O-SLu-u-sq-n-11-c b = +/- ns Part-time employment at 50-60 years (vs not)
- Men                            b = -.12 (ns)
  - socio-democratic nations     b = +.11 (ns)
  - conservative nations         b = -.15 (ns)
  - southern nations             b = -.32 (ns)
  - Post-transitional nations    b = -.64 (10)
- Women                          b = +.02 (ns)
  - socio-democratic nations     b = +.11 (ns)
  - conservative nations         b = -.04 (ns)
  - southern nations             b = +.02 (ns)
  - Post-transitional nations    b = -.11 (ns)

b controlled for
- employment history
  - labor market inactivity history
  - unemployment history
  - age at first job
  - age at last job
- current situation
  - age, age squared
  - living with a partner
  - number of children
  - education
  - birth cohort
  - physical limitation
  - log pension income
  - nation

Part-time work is beneficial at early ages in socio-democratic countries.

Part-time work is positive for women in sociodemocratic and conservative nations, which serves as rather flexible compromise for women to integrate employment and family duties

Sociodemocratic welfare states such as Sweden and Denmark, universalistic coverage of social security and early expansion of the service sector allow flexible careers

Conservative welfare regimes are Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands and France.

Southern welfare states, like Italy, Greece and Spain are paired with a strong employment protection, which creates an insider/outsider system.

Post-transitional nations include the Central and Eastern European nations since they undergo a transformation diverging from a unifying socialism to different market economies in 1990s.