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Correlational findings

Study Ponomarenko (2016): study ZZ EU 13 2006

Public
50+ aged, 13 European countries, 2006/07
Survey name
SHARE
Sample
Respondents
N = 8098
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI)

Correlate

Authors's Label
Unemployment history
Our Classification
Remarks
Unemployment history of SHARELIFE data were transformed into a the Job Episodes Panel (JEP),
Distribution
Men: 0.88%, Women: 1.43%. Total: 1.15%,
Related specification variables
Operationalization
selfreported unemployment status at least 6 months
a) at 15-24 years
b) at 25-49 years
c) at 50-60 years
1 Yes
0 No

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLu-u-sq-n-11-c b = +/- ns Unemployment at 15-24 years (vs not)
- Men                    b = -.11 (10)
  - socio-democratic     b = -.54 (05)
  - conservative         b = +.20 (ns)
  - southern             b = -.26 (10)
  - Post-transitional    b = -.10 (ns)
- Women                  b = +.11 (ns)
  - socio-democratic     b = +.38 (ns)
  - conservative         b = +.10 (ns)
  - southern             b = +.17 (ns)
  - Post-transitional    b = -.14 (ns)
O-SLu-u-sq-n-11-c b = - ns Unemployment at 25-49 years (vs not)
- Men                    b = -.24 (10)
  - socio-democratic     b = -.18 (ns)
  - conservative         b = -.05 (ns)
  - southern             b = -.54 (05)
  - Post-transitional    b = -.25 (ns)
- Women                  b = -.12 (ns)
  - socio-democratic     b = -.30 (10)
  - conservative         b = -.00 (ns)
  - southern             b = +.11 (ns)
  - Post-transitional    b = -.22 (ns)
O-SLu-u-sq-n-11-c b = +/- ns Unemployment at 50-60 years (vs not)
- Men                    b = +.07 (ns)
  - socio-democratic nations     b = +.13 (ns)
  - conservative nations         b = +.02 (ns)
  - southern nations             b = +.18 (ns)
  - Post-transitional nations    b = +.02 (ns)
- Women                          b = -.08 (ns)
  - socio-democratic nations     b = +.12 (ns)
  - conservative nations         b = -.09 (ns)
  - southern nations             b = -.54 (ns)
  - Post-transitional nations    b = -.28 (ns)

b controlled for
- employment hostory
  - labor market inactivity history
  - part-time employment history
  - age at first job
  - age at last job
- current situation
  - age, age squared
  - living with a partner
  - number of children
  - education
  - birth cohort
  - physical limitation
  - log pension income
  - nation

Unemployment in early and mid-ages has a large effect for men’s happiness in Southern welfare nations, which could reflect the difficulty of the insider/outsider system.

Sociodemocratic welfare states such as Sweden and Denmark, universalistic coverage of social security and early expansion of the service sector allow flexible careers.

Conservative welfare regimes are Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands and France.

Southern welfare states, like Italy, Greece and Spain are paired with a strong employment protection, which creates an insider/outsider system.

Post-transitional nations include the Central and Eastern European nations since they undergo a transformation diverging from a unifying socialism to different market economies in 1990s