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Correlational findings

Study Kesavayuth et al. (2016): study GB 2005

Public
50-75 aged adults,UK, followed 6 years, 2005-2011
Survey name
UK-BHPS combined waves
Sample
Respondents
N = 5597
Non Response
39.7%
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
Neuroticism
Our Classification
Error Estimates
Cronbach alpha=.69
Remarks
T1:2005, T2:2011
Distribution
M=10.52 , SD=3.99
Male: M=9.33, SD=3.75
Female: M=11.52, SD=4.18
Related specification variables
Operationalization
Selfreported three questions: I see myself as someone who
a) Worries a lot
b) Gets nervous easily
c) Is relaxed, handles stress well
7 applies to me perfectly
6
5
4
3
2
1 does not apply to me at all
Total score is from 3 to 21, then, the standardized scores are calculated for each subgroup (males and females)

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLW-u-sq-n-7-e b-fix = -.16 p < .01 T1-T2 CHANGE in happiness by T1 neuroticism
- Male        b-fix = -.23(01)
- Female      b-fix = -.12(ns)

b-fix controlled for
- employment
- other personality traits
  - conscientiousness
  - extraversion
  - agreableness
  - openness
- interaction of retired and personality
- gender
- age
- household income
- marital status
- health problems
- educational attainment
- number of children
- region
- survey year
O-SLW-u-sq-n-7-e b-IV-F = - p < .01 - Male        b-IV-F = -.26(01)
- Female      b-IV-F = -.16(05)

Additionally Instrumental Variable used for retirement: eligibility ages for the basic state pension in UK

Similar results when
- splitting retirees into normal and early retirees
- excluding early retirees
- additionally controlled for age squared, age cubed
- those who participated in both T1 and T2

Female became weak when only consider those who were employed in T1 and retired at T2