Study Kesavayuth et al. (2016): study GB 2005
- Public
- 50-75 aged adults,UK, followed 6 years, 2005-2011
- Survey name
- UK-BHPS combined waves
- Sample
- Respondents
- N = 5597
- Non Response
- 39.7%
- Assessment
- Interview: face-to-face
Correlate
- Authors's Label
- Extraversion
- Our Classification
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-
- Error Estimates
- Cronbach alpha=.54
- Remarks
- T1:2005, T2:2011
- Distribution
-
M= 13.21, SD=3.73
Male: M=12.89, SD=3.61
Female: M=13.49, SD=3.82 - Related specification variables
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-
- Operationalization
- Selfreported three questions: I see myself as someone who
a) Is talkative
b) Is outgoing, sociable
c) Is reserved
7 applies to me perfectly
6
5
4
3
2
1 does not apply to me at all
Total score is from 3 to 21, then, the standardized scores are calculated for each subgroup (males and females)
Observed Relation with Happiness
- Male b-fix = -.05(ns)
- Female b-fix = -.05(ns)
b-fix controlled for
- employment
- other personality traits
- conscientiousness
- agreableness
- neuroticism
- openness
- interaction of retired and personality
- gender
- age
- household income
- marital status
- health problems
- educational attainment
- number of children
- region
- survey year
- Female b-IV-F = -.00(ns)
Additionally Instrumental Variable used for retirement: eligibility ages for the basic state pension in UK
Similar results when
- splitting retirees into normal and early retirees
- those who participated in both T1 and T2
Female became positive but no significant when
- excluding early retirees
- additionally controlled for age squared, age cubed
Male became positive but no significant when only consider those who were employed in T1 and retired at T2