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Correlational findings

Study Kesavayuth et al. (2016): study GB 2005

Public
50-75 aged adults,UK, followed 6 years, 2005-2011
Survey name
UK-BHPS combined waves
Sample
Respondents
N = 5597
Non Response
39.7%
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
Retirement
Our Classification
Remarks
T1:2005, T2:2011
Distribution
N=1:2415 (men:1020, women:1395)
Average 2% unemployed, 6% disabled, 5% family care
Related specification variables
Operationalization
Selfreported employment status
1. Retired
    a) Normal retired
    b) Early retired
0. Not retired
    a) Disabled
    b) Family care
    c) Unemployed
    d) Working (reference)

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLW-u-sq-n-7-e b-fix = +.10 ns T1-T2 CHANGE in happiness by T1-T2 CHANGE in employment:Retirement (vs still working)
- Male                  b-fix = +.17(10)
  1a)normal retired     b-fix = +.14(ns)
  1b)early retired      b-fix = +.23(05)
- Female                b-fix = +.03(ns)
  1a)normal retired     b-fix = -.01(ns)
  1b)early retired      b-fix = +.28(05)

Unaffected by personality among males
Negative among concientious females
Positive among open females
O-SLW-u-sq-n-7-e b-fix = +.04 ns T1-T2 CHANGE in happiness by T1-T2 CHANGE in employment: Became disabled (vs still working)
- Male      b-fix = -.01(ns)
- Female    b-fix = +.12(ns)
O-SLW-u-sq-n-7-e b-fix = -.06 ns T1-T2 CHANGE in happiness by T1-T2 CHANGE in employment: Family care (vs still working)
- Male      b-fix = +.47(ns)
- Female    b-fix = -.09(ns)
O-SLW-u-sq-n-7-e b-fix = -.07 ns T1-T2 CHANGE in happiness by T1-T2 CHANGE in employment: Fell unemployed (vs still working)
- Male      b-fix = -.05(ns)
- Female    b-fix = +.02(ns)

All b-fix controlled for
- big five personality
- interaction of retired and big five personality
- gender
- age
- household income
- marital status
- health problems
- educational attainment
- number of children
- region
- survey year
O-SLW-u-sq-n-7-e b-IV-F = + ns T1-T2 CHANGE in happiness by T1-T2 CHANGE in employment: Retirement (vs still working)
- Male      b-IV-F = +.21(ns)
- Female    b-IV-F = +.20(ns)
O-SLW-u-sq-n-7-e b-IV-F = + ns T1-T2 CHANGE in happiness by T1-T2 CHANGE in employment: Became disabled (vs still working)
- Male      b-IV-F = +.03(ns)
- Female    b-IV-F = +.28(ns)
O-SLW-u-sq-n-7-e b-IV-F = + ns T1-T2 CHANGE in happiness by T1-T2 CHANGE in employment: Family care (vs still working)
- Male      b-IV-F = +.46(ns)
- Female    b-IV-F = +.72(ns)
O-SLW-u-sq-n-7-e b-IV-F = -/+ ns T1-T2 CHANGE in happiness by T1-T2 CHANGE in employment: Fell unemployed (vs still working)
- Male      b-IV-F = -.01(ns)
- Female    b-IV-F = +.13(ns)
O-SLW-u-sq-n-7-e b-IV-F = +/- ns T1-T2 CHANGE in happiness by T1-T2 CHANGE in employment: Normal retired  (vs still working)
- Male      b-IV-F = +.14(ns)
- Female    b-IV-F = -.01(ns)
O-SLW-u-sq-n-7-e b-IV-F = + p < .05 T1-T2 CHANGE in happiness by T1-T2 CHANGE in employment: Early retired  (vs still working)
- Male      b-IV-F = +.23(05)
- Female    b-IV-F = +.28(05)

Additionally Instrumental Variable used for retirement: eligibility ages for the basic state pension in UK

Similar results when
- excluding early retirees
- additionally controlled for age squared, age cubed
- only consider those who were employed in T1 and retired at T2
- those who participated in both T1 and T2