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Correlational findings

Study Ding (2017): study CN 2011

Public
45+ aged, rural hukou, China, 2011
Survey name
CN-China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)
Sample
Respondents
N = 10378
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
Marriage
Our Classification
Related specification variables
Operationalization
selfreported
Marital status
1 married
0 others (separated, divorced, widowed and never married)

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z b = +.05 p < .10 married (vs not)

b controlled for
- age
- edu
- health
- residence
- income, land, house
- new rural pension program (NRPP)
- other pension
- descendant
- having at least one son O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z b-iv = +.05 p < .05 Additionally Instrument Variables used for new rural pension program
- availability of new rural pension program
- expects to rely on pension O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z OLRC = +.12 p < .10 - All sample O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z OLRC = +.35 p < .01 - Age 45-49 O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z OLRC = -.01 ns - Age 60-74 O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z OLRC = +.14 ns - Age 75+

OLRC controlled for
- gender
- age
- edu
- health
- residence
- income, land, house
- new rural pension program
- other pension
- descendant
- having at least one son

Similar results when using Instrument Variables for new rural pension program
- availability of new rural pension program
- expects to rely on pension O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z OLRC = +.13 ns Those without coverage of any pension plan
- All sample O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z OLRC = +.45 p < .01 - Age 45-49 O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z OLRC = -.02 ns - Age 60-74 O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z OLRC = +.01 ns - Age 75+

OLRC controlled for
- gender
- age
- edu
- health
- residence
- income, land, house
- descendant
- having at least one son O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z OLRC = +.12 ns - All sample O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z OLRC = +.43 p < .01 - Age 45-49 O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z OLRC = -.02 ns - Age 60-74 O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z OLRC = +.01 ns - Age 75+

Additionally controlled for voluntarily not to participate in the new rural pension program