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Correlational findings

Study Ding (2017): study CN 2011

Public
45+ aged, rural hukou, China, 2011
Survey name
CN-China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)
Sample
Respondents
N = 10378
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
Age
Our Classification
Distribution
M=59.18, SD=9.83
N=1: 6003, 2: 3679, 3: 696
Related specification variables
Operationalization
selfreported in years
1: 45-59
2: 60-74
3: 75+

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z DM = +               M     SD    Difference
45-59 years   3.00  0.71  -
60-74 years   3.08  0.73  +.08
75+   years   3.13  0.73  +.13 O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z b = +.01 p < .01 b controlled for
- gender
- education
- marriage
- health
- residence
- income, land, house
- new rural pension program
- other pension
- descendant
- having at least one son O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z b-iv = +.01 p < .01 Instrument Variables used
- availability of new rural pension program
- expects to rely on pension O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z OLRC = +.02 p < .01 All O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z OLRC = +.02 p < .01 - Age 45-59 O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z OLRC = +.04 p < .01 - Age 60-74 O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z OLRC = +.02 ns - Age 75+

OLRC controlled for
- gender
- edu
- marriage
- health
- residence
- income, land, house
- new rural pension program
- other pension
- descendant
- having at least one son

Similar results when using Instrument Variables for new rural pension program
- availability of new rural pension program
- expects to rely on pension O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z OLRC = +.02 p < .01 Those without coverage of any pension plan
- All O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z OLRC = +.02 p < .01 - Age 45-49 O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z OLRC = +.04 p < .01 - Age 60-74 O-SLW-c-sq-v-5-z OLRC = +.04 ns - Age 75+

OLRC controlled for
- gender
- edu
- marriage
- health
- residence
- income, land, house
- descendant
- having at least one son

OLRC unaffcted by additional control for voluntary non-participation in any pension program