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Correlational findings

Study Kamp Dush et al. (2008): study US 1980 /1

Public
Married people, USA, followed 20 years 1980-2000
Survey name
US-Longitudinal study Instability of marriage over life course
Sample
Respondents
N = 2034
Non Response
53% at wave 6
Assessment
Interview: Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI)

Correlate

Authors's Label
Marital happiness: earlier and later
Our Classification
Error Estimates
T1 Cronbach Aplha= 0,86
Remarks
Assessed 6 times over 20 years T1: 1980 T2: 1984 T3: 1989 T4: 1994 T5: 1999 T6: 2000 In all three patterns T6 marital satisfaction is similar to T1 (baseline)
Distribution
3: 38%, 2: 41%, 1: 21%

T1 level for all on range 0-2: M = 1,64, SD = 0,42
Operationalization
Pattern of marital happiness over 20 years
3: consistently high level (reference)
2: U-shaped at middle level
1; U shaped at lower level

Based on repeated self report on 7 questions on
a: understanding received from spouse,
b: amount of love received,
c: sexual relationship,
d: spouse as someone to do things with,
e: spouse’s faithfulness.
f: global evaluation of marriage
   0 not too happy
   1 pretty happy
   2 very happy
f: strenght of feeling of love for spouse
   0 not too strong or not strong at all
   1 pretty srrong
   2 very or extremely strong

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-HL-c-sq-v-3-ca OR = + p < .001 T1 happiness by T1-T6 pattern of marital satisfaction
- consistently high level   OR = 3,74 (001)
- U-shaped at middele level OR = 1,17 (ns)
- U-shaped at lower level   OR = 0,23 (001)

OR controled for T1
- family situation
  - age at marriage
  - pre-marital cohabitation
  - children below 18
  - remarried
  - parents
- education
- incomme
- employment
- attitudes to
  - gender
  - flily
O-HL-c-sq-v-3-ca Beta-f = +.12 p < .001 T1-T6 CHANGE in happiness by T-T6  CHANGE in marital satisfaction

Happiness did not change among Ss consistently high marital satisfaction but declined among Ss low in satisfaction who followed a U-shaped trajectory
O-HL-c-sq-v-3-ca b-fix = +.24 p < .001 b-fix controled for T1
- children below 18
- family income
- use of public assistance
- wife ermployed full time
O-HL-c-sq-v-3-ca b-fix = +.25 p < .001 b-fix additionally controled for T1
- womans' working hours
- husband employed
- husband share of household work
- equal decision making
- traditional gender attitudes
- traditional marriage attitudes