Study Gonzalez-Herero & Garcia-Martin (2012): study ES Málaga, Andalucía 2007
- Public
- 50-82 aged middle class women, Spain, 200?
- Survey name
- Unnamed study
- Sample
- Respondents
- N = 150
- Non Response
- Assessment
- Interview: face-to-face
Correlate
- Authors's Label
- Optimism
- Our Classification
-
-
- Error Estimates
- Cronbach’s alpha = 0.60
- Remarks
- PISI questionnaire, OLAH, 2002
- Distribution
- M=14.82, SD=2.88
- Operationalization
- Selfreport on 5 items, such as "Thoughts about my future give me good feelings", People describe me as a very optimistic person", not reported all items.
4 fully applicable
3
2
1 not applicable whatsoever
Observed Relation with Happiness
Negative affect: -.38 (p<.01)
Hence correlattion with Affect Balance must be positive and significant
Beta controlled for:
- age
- self-esteem
- social activities
- mass communication use
- building knowledge
- home activities and hobbies
- creative activities
- activities outside home
- community service activities
- games