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Correlational findings

Study Beals (1985): study US 1978

Public
Immigrants from Europe, USA, 1978
Sample
Respondents
N = 844
Non Response
-
Assessment
Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)

Correlate

Authors's Label
Negative affect
Our Classification
Related specification variables
Operationalization
Index consisting of 2 items:
1. Stress, scored on the following
   index of closed questions:
-  Is your life hard?
-  Is your life tied down?
-  Do you worry about bills all the
   time?
-  Does anything make you feel
   frightened or worried?
-  Do you ever worry about having a
   nervous breakdown?
   0: not stressful; 1: stressful,
   scores added.
2. Depression, scored on the question:
   How often do you feel depressed?
   1: rarely, 4: all the time.
Loadings of both items were determined by factor-analysis.

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks M-CO-u-mq-*-11-b r = -.89 p < .01 Immigrants from Western Europe. M-AO-u-mq-*-*-a r = -.79 p < .01 Immigrants from Western Europe M-CO-u-mq-*-11-b r = -.56 p < .01 Immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe. M-AO-u-mq-*-*-a r = -.62 p < .01 Immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe