print

Correlational findings

Study Mcdool et al. (2016): study GB 2010

Public
10-15 aged, United Kingdom, 2010-2014
Survey name
UK-Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS)
Sample
Respondents
N = 3971
Non Response
Assessment
Questionnaire: Conputer Assisted Web Interview (CAWI)
Self completion questionnaire for children used next to telephone interview with adults

Correlate

Authors's Label
Netchat
Our Classification
Distribution
Mean = 2.42; SD = 0.89
Related specification variables
Operationalization
Time spent chatting on social media per school day

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-HL-?-sq-?-7-a b-fix = -.09 p < .05 All O-HL-?-sq-?-7-a OPRC = -.09 p < .01 O-HL-?-sq-?-7-a AMPE = -.03 p < .01 Probability of being 'completely happy' O-HL-?-sq-?-7-a AMPE = +.00 p < .05 Probability of being 'not at all happy' O-HL-?-sq-?-7-a b-fix = -.04 ns Boys only O-HL-?-sq-?-7-a OPRC = -.01 ns O-HL-?-sq-?-7-a b-fix = -.12 p < .05 Girls only O-HL-?-sq-?-7-a OPRC = -.15 p < .01 O-HL-?-sq-?-7-a OPRC = -.06 ns Self esteem above average O-HL-?-sq-?-7-a OPRC = -.09 p < .01 Self esteem below average O-HL-?-sq-?-7-a OPRC = -.14 p < .01 Activity level above average O-HL-?-sq-?-7-a OPRC = -.07 p < .05 Activity level below average O-HL-?-sq-?-7-a OLRC = -.06 p < .10 Never bullied by other children O-HL-?-sq-?-7-a OPRC = -.15 p < .05 Sometimes bullied by other children

All above associations controled for the following covariates:
- individual characteristics
  - number close friends
  - age
  - gender
  - ethnicity
  - hours watching tv
- family sutuation
  - parent employed
  - parent degree
  - single parnt HH
  - income
  - number children in HH
  - home owner
  - evening meal family
- behaviors
  - want to go to university
  - ever played truant
  - ever smoked
  - stayed out after 9 pm
- environment
  - urban
  - local unemployment rate


-----------------------------------------------
OPRC coefficients denote with increasing internet use there is a decreasing probability  of responding "COMPLETELY HAPPY" and an increasing probability of responding "NOT HAPPY AT ALL"
-----------------------------------------------
A negative AMPE denotes a decreasing probability of being "COMPLETELY HAPPY" when internet use is increasing.

A positive AMPE denotes an increasing probability of being "NOT HAPPY AT ALL" when internet use is increasing.

-----------------------------------------------
The results of the above analyses are robust against controlling for endogeneity of the variable NETCHAT, where a simultaneous estimation model is employed using relevant Instrumental Variables. This endogeneity approach controls for simultaneous effects of the above mentioned covariates on NETCHAT and LIFE SATISFACTION.