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Correlational findings

Study Cavalcanti et al. (2009): study ZZ 2005

Public
University students, Brazil and United States, 2005-2006
Sample
Respondents
N = 185
Non Response
Assessment
Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)

Correlate

Authors's Label
Income
Our Classification
Distribution
                                         INCOME in %
                                   Low Middle High
Purdue students       5       62         33
UFPE students         7        81        12
Related specification variables
Operationalization
Single direct question on the income background of the student's family:
2 High income (reference)
1 Middle-income
0 Low Income

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-HL-u-sq-v-3-d OLRC = -2.3 p < .01 LOW income (vs. HIGH)

ORLC controlled for:
- nationality
- age
- gender O-HL-u-sq-v-3-d OLRC = -2.4 p < .01 OLRC additionally controlled for:
- employment status

When not controlled for nationality:
USA:    OLRC= -1.896 (ns)
UFPE:   OLRC= -3.757 (p<.01) O-HL-u-sq-v-3-d OLRC = -.81 p < .05 MIDDLE income (vs. HIGH)

ORLC controlled for:
- nationality
- age
- gender O-HL-u-sq-v-3-d OLRC = -.83 p < .05 OLRC additionally controlled for:
- employment status

When not controlled for nationality:
USA:    OLRC= -0.340 (ns)
Brazil: OLRC= -2.074 (p<.01)