Study Bachman et al. (1978): study US 1966

Public:

Public highschool boys followed 8 years from grade 10, USA, 1966-74

Sample:

Respondents:

N = 1628

Non Response:

2.8% at T1, 17.2% at T2, 21.0% at T3, 28.9% at T4, 28.5% at T5

Assessment:

Multiple methods
Interviews, tests and questionnaires

Correlate

Authors's label

Repeated grade

Our Classification

Operationalization

Simple direct question at T1: "Where
you ever kept back a grade?"
1 = yes, 0 = no

Observed Relation with Happiness