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Correlational findings

Study Gao & Meng (2015): study CN 1998

Public
65+ aged, China, followed 10 years, 1998-2008
Survey name
CN-Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity
Sample
Respondents
N = 50674
Non Response
not reported
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face
N = observarions, not respondents! Many (most?) respondents participated 5 times!

Correlate

Authors's Label
Education
Our Classification
Operationalization
a; illiterate, (Reference group)
b: primary school,
c: middle school.

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-QOL-c-sq-v-4-b OPRC = Individual happiness by education

OPRC controlled for:

-provincial characteristics:
-Real GDP per capita
-Government medical expenses
-Government Size
-Capital Formation Rate

-individual characteristics:
-Gender
-Living arrangement
-Age (groups)
-Urban (residence)
-Etnicity (Han = 1)
-White Collar (= 1)
-Frequency visits by child or sibling
-Chronic conditions score
-ADL-score (Physical limitations)

Similar results if addionally controlled for:
-Household income (quartiles)
-Feeling rich or fair
O-QOL-c-sq-v-4-b OPRC = +.09 p < .01 b: Primary education (OPRC = +0,0853) O-QOL-c-sq-v-4-b OPRC = +.18 p < .01 c: Secundary education (OPRC = +0,180)