Correlational findings | World Database of Happiness

Study DiGiacinto et al. (2007): study IT 2004

Public: Employees, Italy, 2004
Sample
Respondents: N = 1240
Non Response
Assessment: Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)
Method of assesment is not specified in the paper and is assumed.

Correlate

Authors's Label

Marital status

Our Classification

Distribution

Single: M=0,1565  SD=0,36343
Divorced: M=0,1105  SD=0,31362
Widow/widower: M=0,0387  SD=0,19298

Operationalization

1: Married
0: Not married
a: Never married
b: Divorced
c:Widowed

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure

Statistics

Elaboration / Remarks

O-QOL-?-sq-n-10-a

OPRC = -.46 p < .000

REGRESSION coefficient in ORDERED categorical PROBIT analysis.

Only the sign of the computed coefficient is informative.

Happiness is an ordered categorical variable. Higher categories correspond to being more happy.

OPRC < 0 indicates that the probability of being beyond a chosen happiness category decreases and the probability of being at or below that category increases when

1) the corresponding metric correlate increases
2) the corresponding category of a categorical correlate is compared to the reference category.

OLRC > 0 indicates that the probability of being beyond a chosen happiness category
increases and the probablity of being at or below that category decreases when

1) the corresponding metric correlate increases
2) the corresponding category of a categorical correlate is compared to the reference category.

Single(versus married)

O-QOL-?-sq-n-10-a

b = -.67 p < .000

REGRESSION COEFFICIENT (non-standardized) by LEAST SQUARES (OLS)

Type: test statistic
Measurement level: Correlate: metric, Happiness: metric
Theoretical range: unlimited

Meaning:
b > 0   A higher correlate level corresponds with a higher happiness rating on average.
B < 0   A higher correlate level corresponds with a lower happiness rating on average.
B = 0   Not any correlation with the relevant correlate.

O-QOL-?-sq-n-10-a

Beta = -.15 p < .000

STANDARDIZED REGRESSION COEFFICIENT by LEAST SQUARES (OLS)

Type: test statistic.

Measurement level: Correlates: all metric, Happiness: metric.
Range: [-1 ; +1]

Meaning:
beta > 0  «  a higher correlate level corresponds to a higher happiness rating on average.
beta < 0  «  a higher correlate level corresponds to a higher happiness rating on average.
beta = 0  «   no correlation.
beta = + 1 or -1  «   perfect correlation.

O-QOL-?-sq-n-10-a

OPRC = -.61 p < .000

REGRESSION coefficient in ORDERED categorical PROBIT analysis.

Divorced/separated (versus married)

O-QOL-?-sq-n-10-a

b = -.91 p < .000

REGRESSION COEFFICIENT (non-standardized) by LEAST SQUARES (OLS)

O-QOL-?-sq-n-10-a

Beta = -.18 p < .000

STANDARDIZED REGRESSION COEFFICIENT by LEAST SQUARES (OLS)

O-QOL-?-sq-n-10-a

OPRC = -.74 p < .000

REGRESSION coefficient in ORDERED categorical PROBIT analysis.

Widow/widower (versus married)

O-QOL-?-sq-n-10-a

b = -1.2 p < .000

REGRESSION COEFFICIENT (non-standardized) by LEAST SQUARES (OLS)

O-QOL-?-sq-n-10-a

Beta = -.14 p < .000

STANDARDIZED REGRESSION COEFFICIENT by LEAST SQUARES (OLS)

Regressions controls for:
-age
-income
-schooling*creativity index
-gender
-educational level
-province level unemployment rate
-province level per capita disposable income
-area