Study Ludwig (1971): study US 1966
- Public:
- Female students, undergraduates, University of Wisconsin, USA, 196?
- Sample:
- Respondents:
- N = 72
- Non Response:
- 81%; 61% refusal, 5% eliminated on basis of screening data, 15% miscellaneous re
- Assessment:
-
Multiple methods
Structured questionnaires, tests; and interview.
Correlate
- Authors's label
- Desire for participation in social activities
- Our Classification
-
-
- Operationalization
- Three indicators:
1. Exiting activities:
2-item index of closed questions
on whether at this moment one
feels like being a lead actress,
and whether one feels like dating
with an attractive guy.
(From Activity Reaction Scale;
see Jackson & Lyons, 1969)
2. Boring social activities:
2-item index of closed questions on
whether at this moment one feels
like being at a dull party, and
wether one feels like being at a
slow moving academic discussion.
3. Social activities:
5-item index of closed questions on
whether at this moment one feels
like engaging in activities which
are characterized as social (+),
conversational (+), non-social (-),
withdrawn(-), or isolated (-).
(Item from a 36-item Excitement
Adjective Checklist).
Observed Relation with Happiness
For unhappy Ss desire for participation is unaffected by reduced self-esteem and increased by bolstered self-esteem.
cipation is unaffected by both bolstered and
reduced self-esteem.