Study Ritter et al. (1999): study US 1998
- Public
 - Retired orthopaedic surgeons, United States, 1998
 - Survey name
 - Unnamed study
 - Sample
 - Respondents
 - N = 1293
 - Non Response
 - 45%
 - Assessment
 - 
        Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)                    
The Academy sent out the Questionnaires 
Correlate
- Authors's Label
 - Better health now than before retirement
 - Our Classification
 - 
            
 - 
                        
 - Distribution
 - 1 + 2: 22%, 3: 58%, 4: 16%, 5: 5%.
 - Operationalization
 - Selfreport on single question about better healtj now than before retirement, full text not reported
1: much worse
2: worse
3: about the same
4: better
5: much better
recoded
1: better (4+5)
0: not better (3+2+1) 
Observed Relation with Happiness
OR controlled for
- Excellent health at present time
- Better relationship with spouse since retirement
- Increase in travel or vacation activity
- Personal or family reasons for retirement as opposed to health reasons