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Correlational findings

Study Gartstein & Rothbart (2002): study US Oregon 1997

Public
3-12 months aged infants, Oregon, United States, 199?
Survey name
Unnamed study
Sample
Respondents
N = 361
Non Response
24%
Assessment
Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)
Revised Infant Behavior Questionnaire; Raters mostly mothers (90%), data also collected from secondary caregiver (58% fathers) of 26 infants (4-12 months aged)

Correlate

Authors's Label
Smile/Laughter
Our Classification
Remarks
Part of the Revised Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ-R); Same rating scale as used for rating of happiness with cheerful appearance
Operationalization
Parent's report on:
Smiling or laughter during general caretaking and play. (in total 10 items like "How often during the last week did the baby smile or laugh when given a toy?")

Rated:
1  never
2  very rarely
3  less than half the time
4  about half the time
5  more than half the time
6  almost always
7  always

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks A-CA-cw-rdf-v-7-ab mr = +.46 boys:  r=+.46 p<.01
girls: r=+.45 p<.01
A-CA-cw-rdf-v-7-ba mr = +.38 boys:  r=+.35 p<.01
girls: r=+.41 p<.01