Study Robinson et al. (2001): study US 1986
- Public
- Toddlers, same-sex twins, Colorado, United States, followed from 14 to 24 months of age, 1986-1989
- Survey name
- Unnamed study
- Sample
- Respondents
- N = 400
- Non Response
- Assessment
-
Behavioural observation
behavioral observation at home and in laboratory, recorded on video tape; parental reports in questionnaire
Correlate
- Authors's Label
- Empathy-positive expression
- Our Classification
-
-
- Remarks
- Twins were alternatingly assessed in the same room while the other was present. For more procedural details see chapter 3 of "Infancy to Early Childhood" by Emde and Hewitt, 2001.
- Operationalization
- Simulated distress to another, which tended to induce empathy:
each twin was exposed to distress
a by examiner (at home & in lab)
b by mother (at home & in lab)
c by prerecorded infant cry (only in lab)
A maximum of each presentations was made at each age.
Rating scale:
1 no positive emotion observed
2 positive interest
3 smiling
4 strong laughter
rating for the 30sec simulated distress