Study Robinson et al. (2001): study US 1986
- Public
- Toddlers, same-sex twins, Colorado, United States, followed from 14 to 24 months of age, 1986-1989
- Survey name
- Unnamed study
- Sample
- Respondents
- N = 400
- Non Response
- Assessment
-
Behavioural observation
behavioral observation at home and in laboratory, recorded on video tape; parental reports in questionnaire
Correlate
- Authors's Label
- Stability of positive hedonic tone across situations
- Our Classification
-
-
- Remarks
- in both test situations the positive Hedonic Tone Scale was used (Easterbrooks & Emde, 1083); Bayley: 40-45 min period, rating in 1-min intervals, sampled in 5-min blocks (i.e. 5 min on, 5 min off) Free play: 15 min period, rated continuously, 30 sec intervals
- Distribution
-
- at age 14 month: Bayley: M=2.41 sd=.33 N=393 Free play: M=2.23 sd=.27 N=394
- at age 20 month: Bayley: M=2.44 sd=.31 N=367 Free play: M=2.30 sd=.28 N=369
at age 24 month: Bayley: M=2.50 sd=.34 N=354 Free play: M=2.25 sd=.22 N=354 - Operationalization
- Rating from behavior recorded on video tape:
A: During BAYLEY TEST:
- completed 30 min after experimenter arrived at the home
- test consists of a give-and-take between the child seated in a chair and a female experimenter
- child is presented a toy
- an action is modeled
- child responses
- toy is removed
- a new toy is presented
- Experimenter maintains a posivitve, animating tone.
B: During FREE PLAY SITUATION
- 2 hours after experimenters have arrived at the home
- standard set of 10 toys is arranged on floor
- mother sits in chair, allowed to respond but not to initiate
- both twins play freely while being filmed
Rating scale:
1 no positive emotion observed
2 positive interest
3 smiling
4 strong laughter