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Correlational findings

Study Calvo et al. (2007): study US 1992

Public
Eldery, United States, followed through retirement 1992-2004
Sample
Respondents
N = 2389
Non Response
25%; from 3022 (fully retired in 2004) to 2389.
Assessment
Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)

Correlate

Authors's Label
Retirement wanted
Our Classification
Remarks
Assessed at T1: 1992, when still working; T2: 2004, when retired.
Distribution
Wanted 64,3%; Partly wanted 8,9%; Forced 26,8%
Operationalization
Self report on direct questions: full text not reported
A: Retirement wanted?
B: Retirement partly wanted?
C: Retirement forced?

Each rated:
0: no
1: yes

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks A-AB-cw-mq-v-2-b b = +.06 p < .001 T1-T2 CHANGE in Happiness by retirement wanted (vs forced) A-AB-cw-mq-v-2-b b = +.05 p < .05 T1-T2 CHANGE in Happiness by retirement partly wanted (vs forced)

B' s controlled for:
-prompt retirement           
-spouse death                
-improved health             
-years since retirement      
-male                       
-white Non-Hispanic          
-log of mean wealth          
-more than high school       
-blue-collar                 
-unemployed