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Correlational findings

Study Sheldon & Elliot (1999): study US 1994 /1

Public
18+ aged, students USA, followed 3 months,199?
Sample
Respondents
N = 152
Non Response
Assessment
Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)
T1 + T5: in-class questionnaires T2 - T4: questionnaires within lab sessions

Correlate

Authors's Label
Competence need satisfaction
Our Classification
Error Estimates
α=.69
Remarks
T2-T4: Assessed 3 times during 3 month semester
Distribution
BASELINE M=5.30, SD=1.28, SEMESTER M=5.89, SD=.72
Operationalization
T1 BASELINE COMPETENCE-NEED SATISFACTION
Selfreport on sigle question: "the extent to which you are having this type of experiences in your life, at present:
- feeling generally competent and able in what I attempt"

Rated 1 (very little) to 7 (very much)

T2-T4 SEMESTER COMPETENCE-NEED SATISFACTION
Participants free listed the three activities they had spent the most time performing during the preceding 24hr, excluding eating or sleeping

Rated feelings of competence while doing each activity using a 1 (not at all competent) to 7 (very competent) scale

Summation: Average of the 9 competence ratings

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks M-AO-cm-mq-vt-7-a r = +.51 p < .01 T1 happiness and T1 feeling of competence M-AO-cm-mq-vt-7-a r = +.31 p < .01 T5 happiness and T1 feeling of competence M-AO-cm-mq-vt-7-a Beta = +.29 p < .01 T1 happiness by T1 feeling of competence
Beta controlled for:
- autonomy need satisfaction
- relatedness need satisfaction
M-AO-cm-mq-vt-7-a r = +.42 p < .01 T1 happiness and T2-T4 averaged feeling of competence M-AO-cm-mq-vt-7-a r = +.46 p < .01 T5 happiness and T2-T4 averaged feeling of competence M-AO-cm-mq-vt-7-a Beta = +.15 p < .05 T5 happiness by T2-T4 averaged feelings of competence
Beta controlled for:
- T1 happiness (indicating CHANGE in happiness)
- semester autonomy
- semester relatedness

T1 feelings of competence do not predict later change in happiness


Happiness assessed at: T1: at beginning of semester, T5: 3 months later