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Correlational findings

Study Veenhoven & Bakker (1977): study NL 1968

Public
25-65 aged, The Netherlands,1968
Sample
Respondents
N = 2367
Non Response
34%
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face
Face-to-face filling in of questionnaire; 0.5% of the questions were unanswered

Correlate

Authors's Label
Level of education
Our Classification
Related specification variables
Operationalization
The level of school education was classified according to the school types known in the Netherlands at that time:
1 primary school unfinished
2 primary school
3 low level secondary school
4 high level secondary school
5 university, college

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-HL-g-sq-v-5-a G = -.12 p < .01 All O-HL-g-sq-v-5-a G = -.13 p < .01 Males

- Age
  - < 35      G = -.24 (01)
  - 35-44     G = -.13 (ns)
  - 45-65     G = -.12 (ns)

- social economic status
  - high      G = -.15 (ns)
  - middle    G = +.11 (ns)
  - low       G = +.05 (ns)

- Social mobility (difference with fathers SES
  - downward  G = -.18 (ns)
  - no change G = -.10 (ns)
  - upward    G = -.18 (ns) O-HL-g-sq-v-5-a G = -.10 ns Females

- Age
  - < 35      G = -.03 (ns)
  - 35-44     G = -.24 (01)
  - 45-65     G = -.10 (ns)

- social economic status
  - high      G = -.20 (ns)
  - middle    G = -.00 (ns)
  - low       G = -.03 (ns)

- Social mobility (difference with fathers SES
  - downward  G = -.35 (01)
  - no change G = -.08 (ns)
  - upward    G = -.35 (01) O-HL-g-sq-v-5-a G = -.16 p < .01 Age <35

- social economic status
  - high       x
  - middle    G = -.06 (ns)
  - low       G = -.02 (ns)

- Social mobility (difference with fathers SES
  - downward  G = -.40 (01)
  - no change G = -.07 (ns)
  - upward    G = -.12 (ns) O-HL-g-sq-v-5-a G = -.16 p < .01 Age 35-44

- social economic status
  - high      na
  - middle    G = -.10 (ns)
  - low       G = -.21 (ns)

- Social mobility (difference with fathers SES
  - downward  G = -.28 (01)
  - no change G = -.14 (ns)
  - upward    G = -.11 (ns) O-HL-g-sq-v-5-a G = -.11 ns Age 45-65

- social economic status
  - high      G = -.03 (ns)
  - middle    G = -.06 (ns)
  - low       G = -.18 (ns)

- Social mobility (difference with fathers SES
  - downward  G = -.22 (ns)
  - no change G = -.09 (ns)
  - upward    G = -.14 (ns) O-HL-g-sq-v-5-a G = -.17 p < .01 High social economic status (SES)

- Social mobility (difference with fathers SES
  - downward  na
  - no change G = -.24 (ns)
  - upward    G = -.15 (ns) O-HL-g-sq-v-5-a G = -.06 ns Middele SES

- Social mobility (difference with fathers SES
  - downward  G = -.36 (01)
  - no change G = -.04 (ns)
  - upward    G = -.03 (ns) O-HL-g-sq-v-5-a G = +.01 ns Low SES

- Social mobility (difference with fathers SES
  - downward  G = -.01 (ns)
  - no change G = -.10 (ns)
  - upward     x O-HL-g-sq-v-5-a G = -.24 p < .01 Downward social mobility O-HL-g-sq-v-5-a G = -.09 ns No social mobility O-HL-g-sq-v-5-a G = -.11 ns Upward social mobilty