Study Kawamoto & Doi (2002): study JP 1998

Public

65+ aged, Nomura, Japan, followed 3 years, 1998-2001

Sample

Respondents

N = 2274

Non Response

Assessment

Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)
Mailed questionnaire

Correlate

Authors's Label

Independence

Our Classification

Remarks

The scoring "A","B","C" (dependence)were for disorders according to the classification of activities of daily living (ADL) The score "J" for independence

Distribution

N = 1:1499 0: 210

Operationalization

Abibility to peform basic activities of daily living(ADL)
-Walking
-Climbing up and down the stairs
-Feeding
-Dressing
-Toileting
-Bathing
-Personal hygiene
-Medication
scored 0 (complete depence) to 3 (complete independence)

1 independent  N=1499 (ranking "J")  
0 dependent    N=210  (ranking "A","B","C").

Observed Relation with Happiness