Study Veenhoven (1993b): study ZZ 1980 /2
- Public
- Adults, general public, 31 nations, circa 1980
- Sample
- Respondents
- N = 40000
- Non Response
- Assessment
- Interview: face-to-face
Correlate
- Authors's Label
- Freedom of press
- Our Classification
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-
- Remarks
- Data: Kurian, G.T., The Book of World Rankings, 1979, p.362 (data of the early 1970'swere used, because press-freedom is fairly stable, differences were assumed the same in 1980.)
- Operationalization
- The press freedom index was created by the University of Missouri School of Journalism…..two native and two nonnative judges were asked to rate each country on fixed scales for 23 items, such as legal controls, favoritism in the release of government news, and censoeship. The index consists of the averages of the scores and ranges from -4.00 for the least to +4.00 for the most.