Study VandeVliert & Janssen (2002): study ZZ 1986

Public

Students, 42 countries, 2002

Sample

Respondents

N = 14000

Non Response

Assessment

Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)
Questionnaire completed in class

Correlate

Authors's Label

Other-referenced performance motives (extrinsic motives)

Our Classification

Remarks

Average ambition in 42 nations.

Distribution

Males:  M=12,44;  SD= 1,69   Females: M= 11,76; SD=1,85

Related specification variables

Operationalization

Self-reports on three questions:
A. I try harder when I'm in competition with other people.
B. It is important to me to perform better than others on a task.
C. I feel that winning is important in both work and games.

Average scores of students were used to estimate self-referenced motivation at national levels in 42 nations.

Observed Relation with Happiness