Study VandeVliert & Janssen (2002): study ZZ 1986

Public

Students, 42 countries, 2002

Sample

Respondents

N = 14000

Non Response

Assessment

Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)
Questionnaire completed in class

Correlate

Authors's Label

Self-referenced performance motives (intrinsic motives)

Our Classification

Remarks

Average ambition in 42 nations.

Distribution

Males:  M=19,25; SD=4,23    Females: M: 18,79; SD=4,16

Related specification variables

Operationalization

Self-reports on three questions:
A. If I am not good at something, I would rather keep struggling to master it than move on to something I may be good at.
B. I would rather do something at which I feel confident and relaxed than something which is challenging and difficult (reversed scoring).
C. I more often attempt tasks that I am not sure I can do than tasks I believe I can do.

Average scores of students were used to estimate self-referenced motivation at national levels in 42 nations.

Observed Relation with Happiness