Study Diener et al. (1995b): study US 1993
- Public
- College students, USA 199?
- Sample
- Respondents
- N = 146
- Non Response
- Assessment
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Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)
Photographs and video
Correlate
- Authors's Label
- Physical attractiveness
- Our Classification
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- Error Estimates
- Cronbach alpha: a=.90, b=.88, c=.82, d=.56
- Operationalization
- Photographs and video were taken under the different conditions conditions.
A: natural(head and shoulders): Ss was told to stand at a designated spot and a frontal head and shoulder photo
B: natural(full length): a condition with a full-length photo were shot.
C: unadorned : Ss were asked to remove jewelry and facial cosmetics and then instructed to place their face through a piece of poster board that had an oval cutout large enough for them to do so.
D: video: Ss were first asked to look at directly into the video camera were prompted to say anything they wanted about themselves. In general Ss talked about being college students and about the activities surrounding university life. After 45-60 seconds they were told to stop and face the experimenter while they talked about their family. It was videotaped from 3/4 profile angle and for 45-60 seconds.
Three sets of photographs were rated by 8 raters(four males and four females) and video interview by 5 assistants on a scale of 0(extremely unattractive) to 9(extremely attractive)
Observed Relation with Happiness
males M SD
- happy 3.8 0.9
- unhappy 3.4 0.9
Females
- happy 4.6 0.9
- unhappy 4.4 1.0
males M SD
- happy 4.3 0.8
- unhappy 3.9 1.0
Females
- happy 4.6 1.0
- unhappy 4.6 1.0
males M SD
- happy 4.0 0.6
- unhappy 4.0 0.8
Females
- happy 4.1 0.9
- unhappy 4.0 0.7
males M SD
- happy 5.2 1.2
- unhappy 4.6 1.0
Females
- happy 5.5 2.2
- unhappy 5.2 1.4