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Correlational findings

Study Goodwin & Hernandez Plaza (2000): study ZZ Various nation sets 1999

Public
University students, England and Spain, 1999
Sample
Respondents
N = 140
Non Response
Assessment
Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)
Respondents were students from the University of Bristol (Great Britain) and the University of Almeria (Spain), who completed the questionnaire to fulfil course credit requirements.

Correlate

Authors's Label
Collectivism
Our Classification
Error Estimates
British sample: Cronbach's alpha=0.59 Spanish sample: Cronbach's alpha=0.68
Remarks
For the Spanish sample, the scale was blindly back-translated from English to Spanish by two bilingual translators (Brislin, 1980), with items appropriately decentred to enhance the naturalism and reliability of the translations (Van de Vijver & Leung, 1997)
Distribution
British sample: M=8.73; s.d.=0.67
Spanish sample: M=9.45; s.d.=0.83
Related specification variables
Operationalization
Colectivism orientation scale (Bierbrauer, Meyer & Wolfradt, 1994)

The scale examines both individuals' perceptions of values and behaviours in their culture (13 items) and their evaluation of these same values/behaviours (13 additional items). Respondents record their answers on 7-point Likert type scales.

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks M-CO-u-mq-v-5-ba r = +.07 ns Spanish M-CO-u-mq-v-5-ba r = +.01 ns English