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Correlational findings

Study Koivumaa-Honkanen et al. (2003): study FI 1976

Public
Adults, Finland, 1976-1995
Sample
Respondents
N = 29067
Non Response
16%
Assessment
Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)
Mailed questionnaires: - T1 (1975): health questionnaire, happiness - T2 (1981: only to twins, health, happiness - T3 (1990): only to twins, health, happiness, Beck Depression Inventory - The Finnish cause of death registry was used to identify suicides(T1-T3)

Correlate

Authors's Label
suicides
Our Classification
Distribution
1: 0.62% (N=182, Male=149, Female=33)
0: 99.38%
Operationalization
The Finnish Cause of Death Registry was used to identify suicides between 1975 and 1990.
1 committed suicide after 1975
0 did not commit suicide after 1975

T1: 1975, T2: 1981, T3: 1990

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-HL-c-sq-v-5-j D% = + p < .01 % happy (sum of: cannot say,faily happy, very happy)
1= 81.9%
2= 92.2%
O-HL-c-sq-v-5-j = Age-adjusted hazard ratio of suicide(HRs)
- 1976-1985: 35.13 [95CI 6.39-193.14]
- 1986-1995: 4.72  [95CI 1.00-22.31]

Risk of suicide incresed linealy with decreasing happiness
- very happy   :  1.0  (reference group)
- faily happy  :  2.73 [95CI 1.43-5.23]
- cannot say   :  4.64 [95CI 2.30-9.34]
- faily unhappy:  6.69 [95CI 3.24-13.78]
- very unhappy :  10.84 [95CI 3.93-29.94]