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Correlational findings

Study Dershem et al. (1996): study RU 1993

Public
Household heads, villages, Russia 1993
Sample
Respondents
N = 263
Non Response
not reported
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face
Structured interview. "head of the household responsible for social services and plot production" were interviewed. This led to a bias of more women; given the higher life expectancy of women, proportion of women is not much greater than their proportional representation

Correlate

Authors's Label
Center for Epidemilogical Studies Depression Scale (CES-D Sc )
Our Classification
Error Estimates
Cronbach alpha: 0.79
Remarks
21 % did not answer all items of the inventory and were excluded (mostly males)
Distribution
Range 3.33 to 48.12, mean 22.45
70% showed symptoms of depression ( higher than 16)
Operationalization
Self report on 11 questions about symptoms during the past week:
- Blues
- Effort
- Depressed
- Fearful
- Poor appetite
- Happy
- Enjoyed life
- Hopeful
- People disliked me
- Lonely
- Could not get going
Rating:
0 = none of the time,
1 = some or little
2 = occasionally or moderate amount
3 = most or all of the time

Shortened Russian version of CES-D scale (original 20 items)

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SL?-g-sq-n-7-a r = -.42 p < .01