print

Correlational findings

Study Kainulainen (1998): study FI 1991

Public
18+ aged, general public, former province Kuopio, Finland, 1991-1996
Sample
Respondents
N = 2682
Non Response
not rep
Assessment
Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)

Correlate

Authors's Label
Falling outside the social welfare system
Our Classification
Distribution
Never:   N = 2038
Ever in your life:  N = 355
Operationalization
Have you experienced falling outside the social welfare system
(a) during the last year ?
(b) ever in your life ?
Answer:  No(=0) or Yes(=1).

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLu-c-sq-v-5-g r = -.17 during the last year O-SLu-c-sq-v-5-g r = -.16 ever in your life O-SLu-c-sq-v-5-g DM = - never:                   M = 3.93
ever in your life:       M = 3.46
95% CI for difference:   [0.27 ; 0.47]