Study Bray & Howard (1980): study US 1956

Public

40+ aged, male managers, Bell Telephone Company, 1956-1976

Sample

Respondents

N = 422

Non Response

panel loss a t T5: 37%

Assessment

Rating by experts
Expert ratings based on various methods used in assesment center

Correlate

Authors's Label

Earlier selfconfidence

Our Classification

Operationalization

Guilford-Martin Inventory of Factors: GAMIN-I scale.
This inventory reflects on characteristics of a positive self-concept.
This sub-scale in particular reflects lack on inferiority feelings. High scorers believe they can cope with most situations, and that people will treat them well. They feel worthy as individuals without the approval of others.

Assessed at T1 (20 years before T5).

Observed Relation with Happiness