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Bibliographic subjects

Bibliographic Subjects » CORRELATES OF HAPPINESS » Situational correlates of happiness » Individual circumstances » Intimate environment » Happiness and Children » Having children

Classification path:
CORRELATES OF HAPPINESS Situational correlates of happiness Individual circumstances Intimate environment Happiness and Children Having children
Additional keywords
Having children, parent, family cycle, procreation
Related bibliographic subjects
Related correlational subjects

Publications that report an empirical study that used a valid measure of happiness, the results of which are eligible for inclusion in the findings archive

No empirical study reported
10
No valid measure of happiness used
17
Eligible but not yet entered
71
Eligible and included in findings archive (embedded studies)
15

List of Publications on this Subject

Authors Title / Source Year Bohn, C.J. The Effect of Children upon Life Satisfaction. A Thesis in Child Development and Family Relationships.
Unpublished Master Thesis, Pennsylvania State University, 1972, USA
1972
Bortner, R.W.; Bohn, C.J.; Hultsch, D.F. A Cross-Cultural Study of the Effects of Children on Parental Assessment of Past, Present and Future.
Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1974, Vol. 36, 370 - 378
1974
Callan, V.J. The Personal and Marital Adjustment of Mothers and of Voluntary and Involuntary Childless Wives.
Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1987, Vol. 49, 847 - 856
1987
Chappell, N.L.; Badger, M. Social Isolation and Well-Being.
Journal of Gerontology, 1989, Vol. 44, 169 - 176
1989
Eells, L.W. The Effects of Role Change on Physical Health, Mental Health and Life Satisfaction: A Panel Analysis.
PhD Dissertation, University of Nebraska, 1985, USA
1985
Faver, C.A. Life Satisfaction and the Life-Cycle: The Effects of Values and Roles on Women's Well-Being.
Sociology and Social Research, 1982, Vol. 66, 435 - 452
1982
Glenn, N.D.; McLanahan, S.S. The Effects of Offspring on the Psychological Well-Being of Older Adults.
Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1981, Vol. 43, 409-421
1981
Habich, R.; Landua, D.; Spellerberg, A. Haushalt und Familie. (Household and Family).
Statistisches Bundesamt;Ed.: "Datenreport 1992", Verlag Bonn Aktuell, 1992, München, Germany, 443 - 449
1992
Holahan, C.K. The Relationship between Information Search in the Childbearing Decision and Life Satisfaction for Parents and Non-Parents.
Family Relations, 1983, Vol. 32, 527 - 535
1983
Kalmuss, D.; Bauer, U.; Namerow, P.B. Short-Term Consequences of Parenting Versus Adoption among Young Unmarried Woman.
Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1992, Vol. 54, 80 - 90
1992
Knaub, P.C.; Baxter-Eversoll, D.; Voss, J.H. Is Parenthood a Desirable Adult Role? An Assessment of Attitudes held by Contemporary Women.
Sex Roles, 1983, Vol. 9, 355 - 362
1983
Loewenstein, S.F.; Bloch, N.E.; Campion, J.; Epstein, J.S.; Gale, P. A Study of Satisfactions and Stresses of Single Women in Midlife.
Sex Roles, 1981, Vol. 7, 1127 - 1141
1981
Menaghan, E.G. Role Change and Psychological Well- Being: Variations in Effects by Gender and Role Repertoire.
Social Forces, 1989, Vol. 67, 693 - 714
1989
Miller, B.C.; Sollie, D.L. Normal Stresses during the Transition to Parenthood.
Family Relations, 1980, Vol. 29, 459 - 465
1980
Soloway, D.F. Determinants of Satisfaction among Rural Married Women.
PhD Dissertation, Vanderbild University, 1984, USA
1984
Stroebe, W.; Stroebe, M. Partnerschaft, Familie und Wohlbefinden.(Partnership, Family and Well-Being.)
Abele, A.;Decker, P.;Eds.: "Wohlbefinden: Theorie, Empirie, Diagnostik", Juventa Verlag, 1991, München, Germany, 155 - 171
1991
Warr, P.; Parry, G. Paid Employment and Women's Psychological Well-Being.
Psychological Bulletin, 1982, Vol. 91, 498 - 516
1982
Zuckerman, D.M.; Kasl, S.V.; Ostfeld, A.M. Psychosocial Predictors of Mortality among the Elderly Poor. The Role of Religion, Well-Being and Social Contacts.
American Journal of Epidemiology, 1984, Vol. 119, 410 -423
1984
Reuband, K.H. Krisenerfahrungen und Bewältigungsstrategien. (Crisis and Coping: Social Influence on Depression and the Role of Social Support).
Müller,W.; Mohler,P.Ph.;et al:Eds: "Blickpunt Gesellschaft: Einstellungen und Verhalten der Bundesburger", Westdeutscher Verlag, 1990, Germany
1990
Weerasinghe, J.; Tepperman, L. Suicide and Happiness: Seven Tests of the Connection.
Social Indicators Research, 1994, Vol. 32, 199 - 233
1994
Weick, S. Anteil der Singlehaushalte .... (Share of Single Households in East and West Germany).
ISI Bulletin, 1994, nr. 11, 7 - 12
1994
Lehman, D.R.; Williams, A.F.; Wortman, C.B. Long-Term Effects of Losing a Spouse or Child in a Motor Vehicle Crash.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1987, Vol. 52, 218 - 231
1987
Gierkink, A.; Foekema, H.; Meijer, P. Kinderwens in Nederland, een Tijdloze Wens? (Wish for Children in the Netherlands).
NIPO, 1996, Research Report J.991, Netherlands
1996
Gershuny, J.; Halpin, B. Time Use, Quality of Life, and Process Benefits.
Offer, A,;Ed.: "In Pursuit of the Quality of Life", Oxford University Press, 1996, Oxford, UK, 188 - 210
1996
Frijters, P. Explorations of Welfare and Well-Being.
Doctoral Dissertation, Thesis Publishers, 1999, Report nr. 196, Tinbergen Research Institute Series, Amsterdam, Netherlands
1999
Noelle-Neumann, E.; Köcher, R. Allensbacher Jahrbuch der Demoskopie, 1993-1997, Band 10. (Survey Research Yearbook 1993 - 1997, Volume 10).
K.G. Saur, 1997, München, Germany
1997
Noor, N.M. Roles and Women's Well-Being: Some Preliminary Findings from Malaysia.
Sex Roles, 1999, Vol. 41, 123 - 145
1999
McLanahan, S.S.; Adams, J. The Effect of Children on Adults Psychological Well-Being 1957 - 1976.
Social Forces, 1989, Vol. 68, 124 - 146
1989
Dow, G.K.; Juster, F.T. Goods, Satisfaction with Activities and Well-Being: An Exploratory Analysis.
ISR Working Paper, University Michigan, 1980, USA
1980
Shields, M.; Wooden, M. Marriage, Children and Subjective Well - Being.
Paper 8th Australian Institute of Family Studies Conference, 2003, Melbourne, Australia
2003
Phelps, C.D. A Clue to the Paradox of Happiness.
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2001, Vol. 45, 293 - 300
2001
Lane, R.E. The Loss of Happiness in Market Democracies.
Yale University Press, 2000, New Haven, USA
2000
Schoon, I.; Hansson, L.; Salmela-Aro, K. Combining Work and Family. Life Satisfaction Among Married and Divorced Men and Women in Estonia, Finland, and the UK.
European Psychologist, 2005, Vol. 10, 309 - 319
2005
Dolan, P.; Peasgood, T.; White, M.P. Review of Research on the Influences on Personal Well-Being and Application to Policy Making.
Report for Defra, 2006, UK
2006
Trzcinski, E. Integration of Immigrant Mothers in Germany: Policy Issues and Empirical Outcomes.
Population Research and Policy Review, 2006, vol. 25, 489 - 512
2006
Hilleras, P.K.; Herlitz, A.; Jorm, A.F.; Winblad, B. Life Satisfaction among the Very Old: A Survey on a Cognitively Intact Sample. Aged 90 Years Old or Above.
International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 2001, Vol. 52, 71 - 90
2001
Veenhoven, R. Findings on Happiness and Children: Having.
World Database of Happiness, Collection of Correlational Findings, Finding report C3, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Printout 2009, http://worlddatabaseofhappiness.eur.nl.
2009
Kohler, H.P.; Behrman, J.R.; Skytthe, A. Partner + Children = Happiness? The Effects of Partnerships and Fertility on Well-Being.
Population and Development Review, 2005, Vol. 31, 407 - 445
2005
Angeles, L. Do Children make us Happier?
Discussion Paper, Department of Economics, University of Glasgow, 2009, Glasgow, UK
2009
Becchetti, L.; Giachin Ricca, E.; Pelloni, A. Children, Happiness and Taxation.
Econometric Working Paper No. 12, 2009, Italy
2009
Stanca, L. Suffer the Little Children: Measuring the Effects of Parenthood on Well-Being Worldwide.
Working Paper no. 173, Department of Economics, University of Milan Bicocca, 2009, Milan, Italy
2009
Aassve, A.; Goisis, A.; Sironi, M. Happiness and Childbearing across Europe.
Dondena Working Paper no. 10, University Bocconi, 2009, Milan, Italy
2009
Kroll, C. The Motherhood Penalty in Civic Engagement: Examining Social Capital and Subjective Well-Being by Gender and Parental Status.
Working paper, London School of Economics, 2009, London, UK
2009
Keizer, R.; Dykstra, P.A.; Poortman, A.R. The Transition to Parenthood and Well-Being: The Impact of Partner Status and Work Transitions.
Journal of Family Psychology, 2010, Vol. 24, 429 - 438
2010
Margolis, R.; Myrskyla, M. A Global Perspective on Happiness and Fertility.
MPIDR Working Paper WP 2010-025, Max Planck Institute for demographic research h, 2010, Rostock, Germany
2010
Berger, E.M.; Spiess, C.K. Maternal Life Satisfaction and Child Outcomes: Are They Related?
SOEP Paper No. 242, 2009, Berlin, Germany
2009
Knoester, C.; Eggebeen, D.J. The Effects of the Transition to Parenthood and subsequent Children on Men's Well-being and social participation.
Journal of Family Issues, 2996, Vol. 27, 1532 - 1560
2006
Powdthavee, N And you think Having Children make you Happy? A Case of Focusing Illusion.
Discussion papers in Economics no 2008/31, 2008, University of York, UK
2008
Umberson, D.; Gove, W.R. Parenthood and Psychological Well-Being.
Journal of Family Issues, 1989, Vol. 10, 440 - 462
1989
Myrskyla, M.; Margolis, R. Happiness: before and after the Kids.
MPIDR Working Paper 2012-013, Max Plank Institute, 2012, Germany
2012
Baranowska-Rataj, A.; Matysiak, A.; Mynarska, M. Does Lone Motherhood Decrease Women's Subjective Well-Being? Evidence from Qualitative and Quantitative Research.
Working paper 21 Institute of Statistics and Demography, Warsaw school of Econoomics
2012
Gaymu, Joelle; Springer, Sabine Living Conditions and Life Satisfaction of Older Europeans Living Alone: A Gender and Cross-country Analysis
Ageing and Society 30, 2010, 1153-1175
2010
Kroll, C. Different Things make Different People Happy: Examining Social Capital and Subjective Well-Being by Gender and Parental Status.
Social Indicators Research, 2011, Vol. 104, 157 - 177
2011
Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Das Wohlbefinden von Eltern. (Well-Being of Parents).
Monitor Familienforschung, 2010
2010
Baetschmann, G.; Staub, K.E.; Studer, R. Does the Stork Deliver Happiness? Parenthood and Life Satisfaction.
Working Paper Series No. 94, 2012, University of Zurich, Department of Economics, Zurich, Switzerland
2012
Pollmann-Schult, M. Parenthood and Life Satisfaction in Germany.
Comparative Population Studies, 2013, Vol. 38, 59 - 84
2013
Vanassche, S.; Matthijs, K.; Swicegood, G. Marriage and Children as a Key to Happiness? Cross-National Differences in the Effects of Marital Status and Children on Well-Being.
Journal of Happiness Studies, 2013, Vol. 14, 501 - 524
2013
Morillo, F.G. Examen + Kind = Zufrieden? Lebenszufriedenheit von Akademikerinnen und Akademikern. Exam + Child = Happiness? Life Satisfaction of Female and Male Academics.
Inaugural-Dissertation in der Philosophischen Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität. 2005, Erlangen-Nürnberg. Switzerland
2005
Pollmann-Schult, M. Soziale Integration und Lebenszufriedenheit kinderloser Frauen und Männer im mittleren und höheren Erwachsenenalter. Social Integration and Life Satisfaction, Childless Women and Men in Middle and Higher Adulthood.
Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie, 2011, Vol. 6, 411 - 416
2011
Rudolf, R.; Cho, S.Y. The Gender-Specific Effect of Working Hours on Family Happiness in South Korea.
Courant Research Centre, Discussion Papers no. 77, 2011, Göttingen, Germany
2011
Deaton, A.; Stone, A.A. Evaluative and Hedonic Wellbeing Among those with and without Children at Home.
PNAS Online, 2014,Vol 111, 1328 - 1333
2013
Wingen, M.; Moonen, L. De Samenhang tussen Geluk en het Krijgen van Kinderen. The relation between Happiness and having Children.
CBS, 2013, The Hague, Netherlands
2013
Agyar, E. Contribution of Perceived Freedom and Leisure Satisfaction to Life Satisfaction in a Sample of Turkish Women.
Social Indicators Research, 2014, Vol. 116, 1 - 15
2014
Fine-Davis, M. Gender Role Attitudes, Family Formation and Well-Being in Ireland.
Eckermann, E.; Ed: "Gender, Lifespan and Quality of Life: An International Perspective", Springer Science+Buisiness Media Dordrecht, 2014, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 203 - 227
2014
Beja Jr., E. L. Parenthood and Happiness: Direct and Indirect Impacts of Parenthood on Happiness.
MPRA Working Paper, 2014, No. 53870, Manila, Philippines
2014
Daukantaite, D.; Zukauskiene, R. Swedish and Lithuanian employed women’s subjective well-being.
International Journal of Social Welfare, 2006, Vol 15, 23 - 30
2006
Nes, R.B.; Hauge, L.J.; Roysamb, E. Adaptation to the Birth of a Child with Congenital Anomaly: A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Maternal Well-Being and Psychological Distress.
American Psychological Association, on line version, 2014
2014
Becchetti, L.; Giachin Ricca, E.; Pelloni, A. The Paradox of Children and Life Satisfaction.
Social Indicators Research, 2013, Vol 111, 725 -751
2013
Pedersen, P.J.; Schmidt, T.D. Life Events and Subjective Well-being: The Case of Having Children.
IZA Discussion Paper, 2014, No. 8207, Berlin, Germany
2014
Pollmann-Schult, M. Wenn Männer Väter werden - Über die Auswirkungen der Vaterschaft auf Freizeit, Lebenszufriedenheit und familiäre Beziehungen. When Men Become Father. On the Effect of Fatherhood on Leisure, Life Satisfaction and Family Relations.
Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 2010, Vol.22, 350 - 369
2010
Herbst, C.M.; Ifcher, J. A Bundle of Joy: Does Parenting Really Make us Miserable?
2011 paper by Arizona State University and Santa Clara University, 1 - 49
2011
Samoilova, E.; Vance, C. Does Parenthood Make Happy People Happier? A Lifecycle Analysis Using Panel Quantile Regression.
Rurh Economic Papers #563
2015
Mikucka, M. How does Parenthood affect Life Satisfaction in Russia?
Advances in Life Course Research, 2016, Vol. 30, 16 - 29
2016
Margolis, R.; Myrskyla, M. Parental Well-Being Surrounding First Birth as a Determinant of Further Parity Progression.
Demography, 2015, Vol. 52, 1147 - 1166
2015
Nelson, S. K.; Dunn, E.W.; Kushlev, K. Parents Are Slightly Happier Than Nonparents, but Causality Still Cannot Be Inferred: A Reply to Bhargava, Kassam, and Loewenstein (2014).
Psychological Science, 2014, Vol. 25, 303 - 304
2014
Nelson, S. K.; Kushlev, K.; Lyubomirsky, S. The Pains and Pleasures of Parenting: When, Why, and How Is Parenthood Associated With More or Less Well-Being?
Psychological Bulletin, 2013, 1 - 51
2013
Lyubomirsky, S.; Boehm, J.K. Human Motives, Happiness, and the Puzzle of Parenthood: Commentary on Kenrick et al.
Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2010, Vol. 5, 327 - 334
2010
Beja Jr., E. L. Direct and indirect Impacts of Parenthood on Happiness.
Int. Rev. Econ., 2015, Vol. 62, 307 - 318
2015
Stavrova, O.; Fetchenhauer, D. Married and Cohabiting Parents’ Well-Being: The Effects of a Cultural Normative Context across Countries.
Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 2015, 1 - 32
2015
Nomaguchi, K.M. Parenthood and Psychological Well-Being: Clarifying the Role of Child Age and Parent-Child Relationship Quality.
Social Science Research, 2012, Vol. 41, 489 - 498
2012
Stanca, L. The Geography of Parenthood and Well-Being: Do Children make us Happy, where and why?
World Happiness Report, 2016, Vol.2, 88 - 102, New York, USA
2016
Baetschmann, G.; Staub, K.E.; Studer, R. Does the Stork Deliver Happiness? Parenthood and Life Satisfaction.
Econstor Open Acces, 2014, Working Paper Series, No.94, 1 - 44
2014
Bhargava, S.; Kassam, K.S.; Loewenstein, G. A Reassessment of the Defense of Parenthood.
Psychological Science, 2014, Vol. 25, 299 - 302
2014
Ceballo, R.; Abbey, A.; Lansford, J.E. Gaining a Child: Comparing the Experiences of Biological Parents, Adoptive Parents, and Stepparents.
Family Relations, 2004, Vol. 53, 38 - 48
2004
Galatzer-Levy, I.R.; Bonanno, G.A.; Mancini, A.D. What We Don’t Expect When Expecting: Evidence for Heterogeneity in Subjective Well-Being in Response to Parenthood.
Journal of Family Psychology, 2011, 1 - 11
2011
Matysiak, A.; Mencarini, L.; Vignoli, D. Work-family Conflict Moderates the Impact of Childbearing on Subjective Well-Being.
Carlo Alberto Research Papers, 2015, No. 435, 1 - 30
2015
Cetre, S.; Clark, A.E.; Senik, C. Happy People Have Children: Choice and Self-Selection into Parenthood.
IZA Discussion Paper, 2016, No. 9880, 1 - 33
2016
Kamilçelebi, H.; Veenhoven, R. The difference between expected and experienced Utility: Findings from some studies on having Children.
The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 50, 343 - 354
2016
Daukantaite, D.; Zukauskiene, R. Swedish and Lithuanian employed Women's subjective well-being.
International Journal of Social Welfare, 2006, Vol. 15, 23 - 30
2006
Aassve, A.; Mencarini, L.; Sironi, M. Does Parenthood Bring about Happiness.
ESS Web publication: Measuring and Reporting on Europeans' Wellbeing: Findings from the European Social Survey.2015
2015
Balbo, N.; Arpino, B. The Role of Family Orientations in Shaping the Effect of Fertility on Subjective Well-being: A Propensity Score Matching Approach.
Demography, 2016, Vol. 53, 955 - 978
2016
Matysiak, A.; Mencarini, L.; Vignoli, D. Work - Family Conflict Moderates the Relationship Between Childbearing and Subjective Well-Being.
European Journal of Population, 2016, Vol. 32, 355 - 379
2016
Abele-Brehm, A.; Hagmaier, T.; Spurk, D. Does Career Success Make You Happy? The Mediating Role of Multiple Subjective Success Evaluations.
Journal of Happiness Studies, 2016, Vol.17, 1615 - 1633
2016
Mikucka, M.; Rizzi, E. Does it take a village to raise a child? The buffering effect of relationships with relatives for parental life satisfaction
Demographic Research, 2016, Vol. 34, 943 - 994
2016
Erez, C.; Shenkman, G. Gay Dads are Happier: Subjective Well-Being Among Gay and Heterosexual Fathers.
Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 2016, Vol. 12, 451 - 467
2016
Kageyama, J.; Matsuura, T. The Financial Burden of Having Children and Fertility Differentials Across Development and Life Stages: Evidence from Satisfaction Data.
Journal of Happiness Studies, 2018, Vol. 19, 1 - 26
2018
Nelson-Coffey, S.K. Married ... With Children: The Science of Well-Being in Marriage and Family Life
Nobascholar, 2018, E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (Eds.), Handbook of well-being.
2018
Vignoli, D.; Pirani, E.; Salvini, S. Family Constellations and Life Satisfaction in Europe
Social Indicators Research, 2014, vol. 117, 967-986
2014
Terrazas-Carillo, E.; McWirther, P. T.; Muetzelfeld, H. K. Happy Parents in Latin America? Exploring the Impact of Gender, Work-Family Satisfaction, and Parenthood on General Life Happiness.
International Journal of Happiness and Development, 2016, Vol. 3, 140-161
2016
Blanchflower, D.G.; Clark, A.E. Children, Unhappiness and Family Finances: Evidence from One Million Europeans
Working Paper, 2019, NEBR, No. 25597, 1 -23
2019
Nelson-Coffey, S.K.; Killingsworth, M.A.; Layous, K. Parenthood is Associated with Greater Well-Being for Fathers than Mothers
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2019, Vol. 45, 1378 - 1390
2019
Shenkman, G.; Shmotkin, D. "Kids Are Joy": Psychological Welfare Among Israeli Gay Fathers
Journal of Family Issues, 2014, Vol.35,1926-1939
2014
Albertini, M; Arpino, B. Childlessness, Parenthood and Subjective Wellbeing: The relevance of Conceptualizing Parenthood and Childlessness as a Continuum
SocArXiv Papers, 2018, web
2018
Negraia, D.V.; Augustine, J.M. Unpacking the Parenting Wellbeing Gap: The Role of Dynamic Features of Daily Life across Broader Social Structures
Working Paper, 2019, Nr. 011, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
2019
Hanappi, D.; Lipps, O. Job Insecurity and Parental Well-Being: The Role of Parenthood and Family Factors
Demographic Research, 2019, Vol. 40, 895-932
2019
Roeters, A.; Mandemakers, J.J.; Voorpostel, M. Parenthood and Well-Being: The Moderating Role of Leisure and Paid Work
European Journal of Population, 2016, Vol. 32, 381-401
2016
Grossbard, S.; Mukhopadhyay, S. Children, Spousal Love, and Happiness: An Economic Analysis
Review of Economics of the Household, 2013, Vol. 11, 447 - 467
2013
Herbst, C.M.; Ifcher, J. The Increasing Happiness of US Parents
Review of Economics of the Household, 2016, Vol. 14, 529 - 551
2016
Ugur, Z.B. Does Having Children Bring Life Satisfaction in Europe?
Journal of Happiness Studies, 2020, Vol. 21, 1385-1406
2019
Sole-Auro, A. Exploring The Role of Family Ties on Life Satisfaction in Later Life in Europe
Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 2019, Vol. 31, 180 - 198
2019
Katalin, R.D. Tracking the Effects of Life Events on Subjective Well-being
PhD Thesis, 2018, Corvinus University of Budapest,, Doctoral School of Sociology
2018
Kohler, H.P. Do Children Bring Happiness and Purpose in Life?
Kaufman, E.P. & Wilcox, W.B. (Eds.), Whither the Child? Causes and Consequences of Low Fertility, 2013, Routledge, New York
2013
Baranowska-Rataj, A.; Matysiak, A.; Mynarska, M. Does lonely motherhood decrease women's subjective wellbeing? Evide3nce from qualitative and quantitative research in Poland
Journal of Happiness Studies, 15, 1457-1477
2014
Aassve, A.; Goisis, A.; Sironi, M. Happiness and Childbearing across Europe
Social Indicators Research (2012) 108, 65-86
2012
Margolis, R.; Myrskyla, M. A Global Perspective on Happiness and Fertility
Population and Development Review 37(1) 29-56
2011
Stanca, L. Suffer the little children: Measuring the effects of parenthood on well-being worldwide
Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 81 742-750
2012