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Bibliographic subjects

Bibliographic Subjects » CORRELATES OF HAPPINESS » Situational correlates of happiness » Individual circumstances » Intimate environment » Happiness and Children » Having children

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CORRELATES OF HAPPINESS Situational correlates of happiness Individual circumstances Intimate environment Happiness and Children Having children
Additional keywords
Having children, parent, family cycle, procreation
Related bibliographic subjects
Related correlational subjects

Publications that report an empirical study that used a valid measure of happiness, the results of which are eligible for inclusion in the findings archive

No empirical study reported
10
No valid measure of happiness used
17
Eligible but not yet entered
71
Eligible and included in findings archive (embedded studies)
15

List of Publications on this Subject

Authors Title / Source Year Bohn, C.J. The Effect of Children upon Life Satisfaction. A Thesis in Child Development and Family Relationships.
Unpublished Master Thesis, Pennsylvania State University, 1972, USA 1972 Bortner, R.W.; Bohn, C.J.; Hultsch, D.F. A Cross-Cultural Study of the Effects of Children on Parental Assessment of Past, Present and Future.
Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1974, Vol. 36, 370 - 378 1974 Callan, V.J. The Personal and Marital Adjustment of Mothers and of Voluntary and Involuntary Childless Wives.
Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1987, Vol. 49, 847 - 856 1987 Chappell, N.L.; Badger, M. Social Isolation and Well-Being.
Journal of Gerontology, 1989, Vol. 44, 169 - 176 1989 Eells, L.W. The Effects of Role Change on Physical Health, Mental Health and Life Satisfaction: A Panel Analysis.
PhD Dissertation, University of Nebraska, 1985, USA 1985 Faver, C.A. Life Satisfaction and the Life-Cycle: The Effects of Values and Roles on Women's Well-Being.
Sociology and Social Research, 1982, Vol. 66, 435 - 452 1982 Glenn, N.D.; McLanahan, S.S. The Effects of Offspring on the Psychological Well-Being of Older Adults.
Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1981, Vol. 43, 409-421 1981 Habich, R.; Landua, D.; Spellerberg, A. Haushalt und Familie. (Household and Family).
Statistisches Bundesamt;Ed.: "Datenreport 1992", Verlag Bonn Aktuell, 1992, München, Germany, 443 - 449 1992 Holahan, C.K. The Relationship between Information Search in the Childbearing Decision and Life Satisfaction for Parents and Non-Parents.
Family Relations, 1983, Vol. 32, 527 - 535 1983 Kalmuss, D.; Bauer, U.; Namerow, P.B. Short-Term Consequences of Parenting Versus Adoption among Young Unmarried Woman.
Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1992, Vol. 54, 80 - 90 1992 Knaub, P.C.; Baxter-Eversoll, D.; Voss, J.H. Is Parenthood a Desirable Adult Role? An Assessment of Attitudes held by Contemporary Women.
Sex Roles, 1983, Vol. 9, 355 - 362 1983 Loewenstein, S.F.; Bloch, N.E.; Campion, J.; Epstein, J.S.; Gale, P. A Study of Satisfactions and Stresses of Single Women in Midlife.
Sex Roles, 1981, Vol. 7, 1127 - 1141 1981 Menaghan, E.G. Role Change and Psychological Well- Being: Variations in Effects by Gender and Role Repertoire.
Social Forces, 1989, Vol. 67, 693 - 714 1989 Miller, B.C.; Sollie, D.L. Normal Stresses during the Transition to Parenthood.
Family Relations, 1980, Vol. 29, 459 - 465 1980 Soloway, D.F. Determinants of Satisfaction among Rural Married Women.
PhD Dissertation, Vanderbild University, 1984, USA 1984 Stroebe, W.; Stroebe, M. Partnerschaft, Familie und Wohlbefinden.(Partnership, Family and Well-Being.)
Abele, A.;Decker, P.;Eds.: "Wohlbefinden: Theorie, Empirie, Diagnostik", Juventa Verlag, 1991, München, Germany, 155 - 171 1991 Warr, P.; Parry, G. Paid Employment and Women's Psychological Well-Being.
Psychological Bulletin, 1982, Vol. 91, 498 - 516 1982 Zuckerman, D.M.; Kasl, S.V.; Ostfeld, A.M. Psychosocial Predictors of Mortality among the Elderly Poor. The Role of Religion, Well-Being and Social Contacts.
American Journal of Epidemiology, 1984, Vol. 119, 410 -423 1984 Reuband, K.H. Krisenerfahrungen und Bewältigungsstrategien. (Crisis and Coping: Social Influence on Depression and the Role of Social Support).
Müller,W.; Mohler,P.Ph.;et al:Eds: "Blickpunt Gesellschaft: Einstellungen und Verhalten der Bundesburger", Westdeutscher Verlag, 1990, Germany 1990 Weerasinghe, J.; Tepperman, L. Suicide and Happiness: Seven Tests of the Connection.
Social Indicators Research, 1994, Vol. 32, 199 - 233 1994 Weick, S. Anteil der Singlehaushalte .... (Share of Single Households in East and West Germany).
ISI Bulletin, 1994, nr. 11, 7 - 12 1994 Lehman, D.R.; Williams, A.F.; Wortman, C.B. Long-Term Effects of Losing a Spouse or Child in a Motor Vehicle Crash.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1987, Vol. 52, 218 - 231 1987 Gierkink, A.; Foekema, H.; Meijer, P. Kinderwens in Nederland, een Tijdloze Wens? (Wish for Children in the Netherlands).
NIPO, 1996, Research Report J.991, Netherlands 1996 Gershuny, J.; Halpin, B. Time Use, Quality of Life, and Process Benefits.
Offer, A,;Ed.: "In Pursuit of the Quality of Life", Oxford University Press, 1996, Oxford, UK, 188 - 210 1996 Frijters, P. Explorations of Welfare and Well-Being.
Doctoral Dissertation, Thesis Publishers, 1999, Report nr. 196, Tinbergen Research Institute Series, Amsterdam, Netherlands 1999 Noelle-Neumann, E.; Köcher, R. Allensbacher Jahrbuch der Demoskopie, 1993-1997, Band 10. (Survey Research Yearbook 1993 - 1997, Volume 10).
K.G. Saur, 1997, München, Germany 1997 Noor, N.M. Roles and Women's Well-Being: Some Preliminary Findings from Malaysia.
Sex Roles, 1999, Vol. 41, 123 - 145 1999 McLanahan, S.S.; Adams, J. The Effect of Children on Adults Psychological Well-Being 1957 - 1976.
Social Forces, 1989, Vol. 68, 124 - 146 1989 Dow, G.K.; Juster, F.T. Goods, Satisfaction with Activities and Well-Being: An Exploratory Analysis.
ISR Working Paper, University Michigan, 1980, USA 1980 Shields, M.; Wooden, M. Marriage, Children and Subjective Well - Being.
Paper 8th Australian Institute of Family Studies Conference, 2003, Melbourne, Australia 2003 Phelps, C.D. A Clue to the Paradox of Happiness.
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2001, Vol. 45, 293 - 300 2001 Lane, R.E. The Loss of Happiness in Market Democracies.
Yale University Press, 2000, New Haven, USA 2000 Schoon, I.; Hansson, L.; Salmela-Aro, K. Combining Work and Family. Life Satisfaction Among Married and Divorced Men and Women in Estonia, Finland, and the UK.
European Psychologist, 2005, Vol. 10, 309 - 319 2005 Dolan, P.; Peasgood, T.; White, M.P. Review of Research on the Influences on Personal Well-Being and Application to Policy Making.
Report for Defra, 2006, UK 2006 Trzcinski, E. Integration of Immigrant Mothers in Germany: Policy Issues and Empirical Outcomes.
Population Research and Policy Review, 2006, vol. 25, 489 - 512 2006 Hilleras, P.K.; Herlitz, A.; Jorm, A.F.; Winblad, B. Life Satisfaction among the Very Old: A Survey on a Cognitively Intact Sample. Aged 90 Years Old or Above.
International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 2001, Vol. 52, 71 - 90 2001 Veenhoven, R. Findings on Happiness and Children: Having.
World Database of Happiness, Collection of Correlational Findings, Finding report C3, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Printout 2009, http://worlddatabaseofhappiness.eur.nl. 2009 Kohler, H.P.; Behrman, J.R.; Skytthe, A. Partner + Children = Happiness? The Effects of Partnerships and Fertility on Well-Being.
Population and Development Review, 2005, Vol. 31, 407 - 445 2005 Angeles, L. Do Children make us Happier?
Discussion Paper, Department of Economics, University of Glasgow, 2009, Glasgow, UK 2009 Becchetti, L.; Giachin Ricca, E.; Pelloni, A. Children, Happiness and Taxation.
Econometric Working Paper No. 12, 2009, Italy 2009 Stanca, L. Suffer the Little Children: Measuring the Effects of Parenthood on Well-Being Worldwide.
Working Paper no. 173, Department of Economics, University of Milan Bicocca, 2009, Milan, Italy 2009 Aassve, A.; Goisis, A.; Sironi, M. Happiness and Childbearing across Europe.
Dondena Working Paper no. 10, University Bocconi, 2009, Milan, Italy 2009 Kroll, C. The Motherhood Penalty in Civic Engagement: Examining Social Capital and Subjective Well-Being by Gender and Parental Status.
Working paper, London School of Economics, 2009, London, UK 2009 Keizer, R.; Dykstra, P.A.; Poortman, A.R. The Transition to Parenthood and Well-Being: The Impact of Partner Status and Work Transitions.
Journal of Family Psychology, 2010, Vol. 24, 429 - 438 2010 Margolis, R.; Myrskyla, M. A Global Perspective on Happiness and Fertility.
MPIDR Working Paper WP 2010-025, Max Planck Institute for demographic research h, 2010, Rostock, Germany 2010 Berger, E.M.; Spiess, C.K. Maternal Life Satisfaction and Child Outcomes: Are They Related?
SOEP Paper No. 242, 2009, Berlin, Germany 2009 Knoester, C.; Eggebeen, D.J. The Effects of the Transition to Parenthood and subsequent Children on Men's Well-being and social participation.
Journal of Family Issues, 2996, Vol. 27, 1532 - 1560 2006 Powdthavee, N And you think Having Children make you Happy? A Case of Focusing Illusion.
Discussion papers in Economics no 2008/31, 2008, University of York, UK 2008 Umberson, D.; Gove, W.R. Parenthood and Psychological Well-Being.
Journal of Family Issues, 1989, Vol. 10, 440 - 462 1989 Myrskyla, M.; Margolis, R. Happiness: before and after the Kids.
MPIDR Working Paper 2012-013, Max Plank Institute, 2012, Germany 2012 Baranowska-Rataj, A.; Matysiak, A.; Mynarska, M. Does Lone Motherhood Decrease Women's Subjective Well-Being? Evidence from Qualitative and Quantitative Research.
Working paper 21 Institute of Statistics and Demography, Warsaw school of Econoomics 2012 Gaymu, Joelle; Springer, Sabine Living Conditions and Life Satisfaction of Older Europeans Living Alone: A Gender and Cross-country Analysis
Ageing and Society 30, 2010, 1153-1175 2010 Kroll, C. Different Things make Different People Happy: Examining Social Capital and Subjective Well-Being by Gender and Parental Status.
Social Indicators Research, 2011, Vol. 104, 157 - 177 2011 Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Das Wohlbefinden von Eltern. (Well-Being of Parents).
Monitor Familienforschung, 2010 2010 Baetschmann, G.; Staub, K.E.; Studer, R. Does the Stork Deliver Happiness? Parenthood and Life Satisfaction.
Working Paper Series No. 94, 2012, University of Zurich, Department of Economics, Zurich, Switzerland 2012 Pollmann-Schult, M. Parenthood and Life Satisfaction in Germany.
Comparative Population Studies, 2013, Vol. 38, 59 - 84 2013 Vanassche, S.; Matthijs, K.; Swicegood, G. Marriage and Children as a Key to Happiness? Cross-National Differences in the Effects of Marital Status and Children on Well-Being.
Journal of Happiness Studies, 2013, Vol. 14, 501 - 524 2013 Morillo, F.G. Examen + Kind = Zufrieden? Lebenszufriedenheit von Akademikerinnen und Akademikern. Exam + Child = Happiness? Life Satisfaction of Female and Male Academics.
Inaugural-Dissertation in der Philosophischen Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität. 2005, Erlangen-Nürnberg. Switzerland 2005 Pollmann-Schult, M. Soziale Integration und Lebenszufriedenheit kinderloser Frauen und Männer im mittleren und höheren Erwachsenenalter. Social Integration and Life Satisfaction, Childless Women and Men in Middle and Higher Adulthood.
Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie, 2011, Vol. 6, 411 - 416 2011 Rudolf, R.; Cho, S.Y. The Gender-Specific Effect of Working Hours on Family Happiness in South Korea.
Courant Research Centre, Discussion Papers no. 77, 2011, Göttingen, Germany 2011 Deaton, A.; Stone, A.A. Evaluative and Hedonic Wellbeing Among those with and without Children at Home.
PNAS Online, 2014,Vol 111, 1328 - 1333 2013 Wingen, M.; Moonen, L. De Samenhang tussen Geluk en het Krijgen van Kinderen. The relation between Happiness and having Children.
CBS, 2013, The Hague, Netherlands 2013 Agyar, E. Contribution of Perceived Freedom and Leisure Satisfaction to Life Satisfaction in a Sample of Turkish Women.
Social Indicators Research, 2014, Vol. 116, 1 - 15 2014 Fine-Davis, M. Gender Role Attitudes, Family Formation and Well-Being in Ireland.
Eckermann, E.; Ed: "Gender, Lifespan and Quality of Life: An International Perspective", Springer Science+Buisiness Media Dordrecht, 2014, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 203 - 227 2014 Beja Jr., E. L. Parenthood and Happiness: Direct and Indirect Impacts of Parenthood on Happiness.
MPRA Working Paper, 2014, No. 53870, Manila, Philippines 2014 Daukantaite, D.; Zukauskiene, R. Swedish and Lithuanian employed women’s subjective well-being.
International Journal of Social Welfare, 2006, Vol 15, 23 - 30 2006 Nes, R.B.; Hauge, L.J.; Roysamb, E. Adaptation to the Birth of a Child with Congenital Anomaly: A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Maternal Well-Being and Psychological Distress.
American Psychological Association, on line version, 2014 2014 Becchetti, L.; Giachin Ricca, E.; Pelloni, A. The Paradox of Children and Life Satisfaction.
Social Indicators Research, 2013, Vol 111, 725 -751 2013 Pedersen, P.J.; Schmidt, T.D. Life Events and Subjective Well-being: The Case of Having Children.
IZA Discussion Paper, 2014, No. 8207, Berlin, Germany 2014 Pollmann-Schult, M. Wenn Männer Väter werden - Über die Auswirkungen der Vaterschaft auf Freizeit, Lebenszufriedenheit und familiäre Beziehungen. When Men Become Father. On the Effect of Fatherhood on Leisure, Life Satisfaction and Family Relations.
Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 2010, Vol.22, 350 - 369 2010 Herbst, C.M.; Ifcher, J. A Bundle of Joy: Does Parenting Really Make us Miserable?
2011 paper by Arizona State University and Santa Clara University, 1 - 49 2011 Samoilova, E.; Vance, C. Does Parenthood Make Happy People Happier? A Lifecycle Analysis Using Panel Quantile Regression.
Rurh Economic Papers #563 2015 Mikucka, M. How does Parenthood affect Life Satisfaction in Russia?
Advances in Life Course Research, 2016, Vol. 30, 16 - 29 2016 Margolis, R.; Myrskyla, M. Parental Well-Being Surrounding First Birth as a Determinant of Further Parity Progression.
Demography, 2015, Vol. 52, 1147 - 1166 2015 Nelson, S. K.; Dunn, E.W.; Kushlev, K. Parents Are Slightly Happier Than Nonparents, but Causality Still Cannot Be Inferred: A Reply to Bhargava, Kassam, and Loewenstein (2014).
Psychological Science, 2014, Vol. 25, 303 - 304 2014 Nelson, S. K.; Kushlev, K.; Lyubomirsky, S. The Pains and Pleasures of Parenting: When, Why, and How Is Parenthood Associated With More or Less Well-Being?
Psychological Bulletin, 2013, 1 - 51 2013 Lyubomirsky, S.; Boehm, J.K. Human Motives, Happiness, and the Puzzle of Parenthood: Commentary on Kenrick et al.
Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2010, Vol. 5, 327 - 334 2010 Beja Jr., E. L. Direct and indirect Impacts of Parenthood on Happiness.
Int. Rev. Econ., 2015, Vol. 62, 307 - 318 2015 Stavrova, O.; Fetchenhauer, D. Married and Cohabiting Parents’ Well-Being: The Effects of a Cultural Normative Context across Countries.
Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 2015, 1 - 32 2015 Nomaguchi, K.M. Parenthood and Psychological Well-Being: Clarifying the Role of Child Age and Parent-Child Relationship Quality.
Social Science Research, 2012, Vol. 41, 489 - 498 2012 Stanca, L. The Geography of Parenthood and Well-Being: Do Children make us Happy, where and why?
World Happiness Report, 2016, Vol.2, 88 - 102, New York, USA 2016 Baetschmann, G.; Staub, K.E.; Studer, R. Does the Stork Deliver Happiness? Parenthood and Life Satisfaction.
Econstor Open Acces, 2014, Working Paper Series, No.94, 1 - 44 2014 Bhargava, S.; Kassam, K.S.; Loewenstein, G. A Reassessment of the Defense of Parenthood.
Psychological Science, 2014, Vol. 25, 299 - 302 2014 Ceballo, R.; Abbey, A.; Lansford, J.E. Gaining a Child: Comparing the Experiences of Biological Parents, Adoptive Parents, and Stepparents.
Family Relations, 2004, Vol. 53, 38 - 48 2004 Galatzer-Levy, I.R.; Bonanno, G.A.; Mancini, A.D. What We Don’t Expect When Expecting: Evidence for Heterogeneity in Subjective Well-Being in Response to Parenthood.
Journal of Family Psychology, 2011, 1 - 11 2011 Matysiak, A.; Mencarini, L.; Vignoli, D. Work-family Conflict Moderates the Impact of Childbearing on Subjective Well-Being.
Carlo Alberto Research Papers, 2015, No. 435, 1 - 30 2015 Cetre, S.; Clark, A.E.; Senik, C. Happy People Have Children: Choice and Self-Selection into Parenthood.
IZA Discussion Paper, 2016, No. 9880, 1 - 33 2016 Kamilçelebi, H.; Veenhoven, R. The difference between expected and experienced Utility: Findings from some studies on having Children.
The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 50, 343 - 354 2016 Daukantaite, D.; Zukauskiene, R. Swedish and Lithuanian employed Women's subjective well-being.
International Journal of Social Welfare, 2006, Vol. 15, 23 - 30 2006 Aassve, A.; Mencarini, L.; Sironi, M. Does Parenthood Bring about Happiness.
ESS Web publication: Measuring and Reporting on Europeans' Wellbeing: Findings from the European Social Survey.2015 2015 Balbo, N.; Arpino, B. The Role of Family Orientations in Shaping the Effect of Fertility on Subjective Well-being: A Propensity Score Matching Approach.
Demography, 2016, Vol. 53, 955 - 978 2016 Matysiak, A.; Mencarini, L.; Vignoli, D. Work - Family Conflict Moderates the Relationship Between Childbearing and Subjective Well-Being.
European Journal of Population, 2016, Vol. 32, 355 - 379 2016 Abele-Brehm, A.; Hagmaier, T.; Spurk, D. Does Career Success Make You Happy? The Mediating Role of Multiple Subjective Success Evaluations.
Journal of Happiness Studies, 2016, Vol.17, 1615 - 1633 2016 Mikucka, M.; Rizzi, E. Does it take a village to raise a child? The buffering effect of relationships with relatives for parental life satisfaction
Demographic Research, 2016, Vol. 34, 943 - 994 2016 Erez, C.; Shenkman, G. Gay Dads are Happier: Subjective Well-Being Among Gay and Heterosexual Fathers.
Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 2016, Vol. 12, 451 - 467 2016 Kageyama, J.; Matsuura, T. The Financial Burden of Having Children and Fertility Differentials Across Development and Life Stages: Evidence from Satisfaction Data.
Journal of Happiness Studies, 2018, Vol. 19, 1 - 26 2018 Nelson-Coffey, S.K. Married ... With Children: The Science of Well-Being in Marriage and Family Life
Nobascholar, 2018, E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (Eds.), Handbook of well-being. 2018 Vignoli, D.; Pirani, E.; Salvini, S. Family Constellations and Life Satisfaction in Europe
Social Indicators Research, 2014, vol. 117, 967-986 2014 Terrazas-Carillo, E.; McWirther, P. T.; Muetzelfeld, H. K. Happy Parents in Latin America? Exploring the Impact of Gender, Work-Family Satisfaction, and Parenthood on General Life Happiness.
International Journal of Happiness and Development, 2016, Vol. 3, 140-161 2016 Blanchflower, D.G.; Clark, A.E. Children, Unhappiness and Family Finances: Evidence from One Million Europeans
Working Paper, 2019, NEBR, No. 25597, 1 -23 2019 Nelson-Coffey, S.K.; Killingsworth, M.A.; Layous, K. Parenthood is Associated with Greater Well-Being for Fathers than Mothers
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2019, Vol. 45, 1378 - 1390 2019 Shenkman, G.; Shmotkin, D. "Kids Are Joy": Psychological Welfare Among Israeli Gay Fathers
Journal of Family Issues, 2014, Vol.35,1926-1939 2014 Albertini, M; Arpino, B. Childlessness, Parenthood and Subjective Wellbeing: The relevance of Conceptualizing Parenthood and Childlessness as a Continuum
SocArXiv Papers, 2018, web 2018 Negraia, D.V.; Augustine, J.M. Unpacking the Parenting Wellbeing Gap: The Role of Dynamic Features of Daily Life across Broader Social Structures
Working Paper, 2019, Nr. 011, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany 2019 Hanappi, D.; Lipps, O. Job Insecurity and Parental Well-Being: The Role of Parenthood and Family Factors
Demographic Research, 2019, Vol. 40, 895-932 2019 Roeters, A.; Mandemakers, J.J.; Voorpostel, M. Parenthood and Well-Being: The Moderating Role of Leisure and Paid Work
European Journal of Population, 2016, Vol. 32, 381-401 2016 Grossbard, S.; Mukhopadhyay, S. Children, Spousal Love, and Happiness: An Economic Analysis
Review of Economics of the Household, 2013, Vol. 11, 447 - 467 2013 Herbst, C.M.; Ifcher, J. The Increasing Happiness of US Parents
Review of Economics of the Household, 2016, Vol. 14, 529 - 551 2016 Ugur, Z.B. Does Having Children Bring Life Satisfaction in Europe?
Journal of Happiness Studies, 2020, Vol. 21, 1385-1406 2019 Sole-Auro, A. Exploring The Role of Family Ties on Life Satisfaction in Later Life in Europe
Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 2019, Vol. 31, 180 - 198 2019 Katalin, R.D. Tracking the Effects of Life Events on Subjective Well-being
PhD Thesis, 2018, Corvinus University of Budapest,, Doctoral School of Sociology 2018 Kohler, H.P. Do Children Bring Happiness and Purpose in Life?
Kaufman, E.P. & Wilcox, W.B. (Eds.), Whither the Child? Causes and Consequences of Low Fertility, 2013, Routledge, New York 2013 Baranowska-Rataj, A.; Matysiak, A.; Mynarska, M. Does lonely motherhood decrease women's subjective wellbeing? Evide3nce from qualitative and quantitative research in Poland
Journal of Happiness Studies, 15, 1457-1477 2014 Aassve, A.; Goisis, A.; Sironi, M. Happiness and Childbearing across Europe
Social Indicators Research (2012) 108, 65-86 2012 Margolis, R.; Myrskyla, M. A Global Perspective on Happiness and Fertility
Population and Development Review 37(1) 29-56 2011 Stanca, L. Suffer the little children: Measuring the effects of parenthood on well-being worldwide
Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 81 742-750 2012