Kainulainen (1998): study FI 1991

Publication

Author(s):

Kainulainen, S.

Title:

Elämäntapahtumat ja Elämään Tyytyväisyys eri Sosiaaliluokissa. (Life Events and Satisfaction with Life in Different Social Classes; Summary).

Source:

Kuopio University Publications, 1998, Finland

Investigation

Public

18+ aged, general public, former province Kuopio, Finland, 1991-1996

Sample

Probability sample (unspecified)

Respondents

N = 2682

Non Response

not rep

Assessment

Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)

Happiness Measure(s) and Distributional Findings

Full text:

Self report on single question:

How satisfying  do you find your life at the moment.....?
1  very dissatisfying
2  quite dissatisfying
3  not satisfying not dissatisfying
4  quite satisfying
5  very satisfying

Classification:

O-SLu-c-sq-v-5-g

Author's label:

Satisfaction with Life (SWL)

Remarks:

Combined result of the 1991/'92  and the 1996 data. Average SWL-value in  1991/'92  = 3.82, that in 1996  increased to 3.89  (p < .10)

Observed distribution

Frequencies

1: 1.7%,   2: 5.8%,   3: 14.5%,   4: 61.2%,   5: 16.8%   (total 100%)

Summary Statistics

On original range 1 - 5 On range 0-10

Mean:

3.86 -

SD:

0.82 -

Correlational Findings

Author's label Subject Description Finding Social Class Kind of occupation (profession) Financial problems (because of illness) Earlier sufficiency of income
Specific earlier life-events Too high living costs (rent, mortage, loan etc.) Earlier sufficiency of income
`objective` poverty
Specific earlier life-events Scantiness of unemployment benefit Earlier sufficiency of income
`objective` poverty
Specific earlier life-events Being unemployed Unemployed involuntary Difficulties in supporting family Earlier sufficiency of income
`objective` poverty Obligatory expenditure growing too heavy Earlier sufficiency of income
`objective` poverty Low income Earlier level of income
Household income Being heavily indebted Earlier sufficiency of income
Earlier life-events
Debts Losing one's mind Earlier mental health
Current specific mental disorders (icd-10 classification) Cut in unemployment benefit Change in source of income Falling outside the social welfare system Change in source of income Pain and suffering Burden of earlier life-events
Pain Being neglected or forgotten Earlier life-events
Feeling lonely (vs not) Inability to work Unfit for work
Earlier handicap
Earlier life-events Unjust behaviour from the authorities Earlier life-events
Current victim status Shortage of housing Concern about housing
Earlier life-events Causing my family (close) problems Family climate
Earlier life-events Cuts in social and health services Change in source of income Lack of privacy (in housing) Development of Household-composition
Attitude to privacy
Need for privacy
Earlier life-events Scantiness of social allowance (disability etc.) Earlier sufficiency of income
Subjective poverty Scantiness of health compensation Subjective poverty Becoming dependent upon others Relations with parents
Change in freedom
Earlier sufficiency of income
Characteristics of intimate-network
Earlier life-events Inadequate facilities (in housing) Development of housing
Quality of current dwelling
Earlier life-events Risky and dangerous surroundings (in housing) Development of housing
Quality of house
Earlier life-events Scantiness of a pension Earlier sufficiency of income
Subjective poverty Excessive drinking/drug abuse of someone near Earlier life-events
Current use of stimulants
Earlier victimization (ever victimized)
Characteristics of intimates Losing my memory Earlier mental health
Current specific mental disorders (icd-10 classification) Breaking off an important relationship Change in intimacy
Earlier life-events Violent behaviour of someone near Earlier life-events
Earlier victimization (ever victimized) Been a victim of violence outside home Earlier life-events
Earlier victimization (ever victimized) Restless neighbourhood Earlier residence
Experienced restlessness of neighborhood Cuts in child allowance or child benefits Change in source of income Worries over the life and future of own children Concern about family
Earlier life-events Isolated living Development of Household-composition
Living alone or not
Earlier life-events Disablement Change in handicap
Current handicap
Earlier life-events Gone banktrup (or been near) Specific earlier life-events
Change in possessions
Debts Difficulties in getting (medical) care Earlier health-behavior
Current medical consumption
Earlier life-events Own divorce/separation Specific life-changes
Earlier life-events
Ever divorced/separated
Recent divorce/separation Single parenthood Development of parental status
Earlier life-events
Single parent Changes at work due to technical development Earlier life-events
Earlier work-conditions
Change in work-conditions Conflicts, difficulties in social relations at work Earlier life-events
Problems at work
Conflicts at work Disagreements with neighbours Development of life events
Earlier residence
Social contacts in vicinity Cuts in health benefits Change in source of income Upbringing problems with own children Concerns about parenthood
Burden of earlier life-events Been a victim of property crimes Earlier life-events
Victim of crime Been offered drugs Earlier life-events
Development of stimulant use Risk of death Earlier life-events
Earlier physical health
Distance to death Having to go into institutional care Ever lived in an institutional setting
Earlier life-events Sexe Sex: male (vs female) Subjective health Global health self-rating Income sufficiency Sufficiency of current income Social group Current employment status
Unemployed involuntary
Current status: retired or not
Involved in schooling or not Family situation Current household-composition
Living alone or not
Living with children
Single parent
Elderly in the household