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Correlational findings

Study Benesch et al. (2007): study ZZ World samples 1995 /1

Public
15+ aged, general public, 45 nations, 1995-2003
Survey name
EU-Combined surveys: ESS+WVS
Sample
Respondents
N = 72012
Non Response
3.3%
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face
Phone interview for remote areas

Correlate

Authors's Label
Real GNI
Our Classification
Remarks
Data are from World Development Indicators(several years) and Penn World Table 6.1(Heston,et al.2002)
Operationalization
A:  Real GNI
B: Real GNI squared

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.20 p < .01 Real GNI

B (0.197) controlled for:
- TV viewing
  - residual TV viewing time
  - interaction with number of TV channels in the country
- individual characteristics
  - income
  - age, age,squared
  - gender
  - residence
  - employment
  - education
- national characteristics
  - number of channels
  - average TV viewing time in country (in minutes)
- survey
O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = -.00 p < .01 Real GNI squared

B (-0.03e-4) controlled for:
There are two control variables: Real GNI and Real GNI squared for the year 1997.
Data are from World Development Indicators(several years) and Penn World Table 6.1(Heston,et al.2002)