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Correlational findings

Study Ek et al. (2008): study FI Northern Finland 1997

Public
31-aged general public, Finland, 1997-1998
Survey name
FI-Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort
Sample
Respondents
N = 5696
Non Response
21%
Assessment
Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)

Correlate

Authors's Label
Employment history
Our Classification
Related specification variables
Operationalization
Self-report on single question:
1) More unemployed than employed past 8 years
2) More employed  than unemployed past 8 years
3) Always employed in the past 8 years (reference)

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLu-g-sq-v-3-d OR = 1.82 p < .05 MORE EMPLOYED (vs always employed)
Men
O-SLu-g-sq-v-3-d OR = 2.03 p < .05 Women O-SLu-g-sq-v-3-d OR = 5.84 p < .05 MORE UNEMPLOYED (vs always employed)
Men
O-SLu-g-sq-v-3-d OR = 3.42 p < .05 Women

OR's controlled for:
- recent migration
- employment history

Similar findings observed when no covariates are included or OR additionally controlled for:
- social support
- active coping strategies
- passive coping strategies
- attitude towards the future

Odds ratio of 1 means equal happiness, a higher odds ratio than 1 means less happiness, a lower odds ratio than 1 means higher happiness.