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Correlational findings

Study Calvo et al. (2007): study US 1992

Public
Eldery, United States, followed through retirement 1992-2004
Sample
Respondents
N = 2389
Non Response
25%; from 3022 (fully retired in 2004) to 2389.
Assessment
Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)

Correlate

Authors's Label
White Non-Hispanic
Our Classification
Remarks
Assessed at T1: 1992, when still working; T2: 2004, when retired.
Distribution
1=31,6%; 0=68,4%.
Operationalization
0: Non-white and/or hispanic
1: White

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks A-AB-cw-mq-v-2-b b = +.01 ns T1-T2 CHANGE in Happiness by White Ethnicity (vs Non-white or Hispanic).

B controlled for:
-prompt retirement           
-retirement (partly) wanted    
-spouse death                
-improved health             
-years since retirement      
-male                        
-log of mean wealth          
-more than high school       
-blue-collar                 
-unemployed