Aspects
| Variable | Measurement | Era | SPSS code | N | Source |
| Ethnic fragmentation | % of the population belonging to largest ethnic group | 1980 | EthnicHomogeneity_1980 | 138 | Vanhanen 1990 appendix 6 |
| Number of categories mentioned in social-demographic statistics, assuming that mentioning means relevance1). | 1970-95 | EthnicDiversity1_1970.95 | 103 | Anckar 2002 | |
| Probability of two randomly selected individuals belonging to different ethnic groups. | 1955-2001 | EthnicDiversity2_1955.2001 | 168 | Alesina 2003 | |
| Linguistic fragmentation | Number of categories mentioned in social-demographic statistics, assuming that mentioning means relevance1). | 1970-95 | LinguisticDiversity1_1970.95 | 103 | Anckar 2002 |
| Probability of two randomly selected individuals belonging to different language groups. | 2001 | LinguisticDiversity2_2001 | 167 | Alesina 2003 | |
| Religious fragmentation | Number of categories mentioned in social-demographic statistics, assuming that mentioning means relevance1). | 1970-95 | ReligiousDiversity1_1970.95 | 103 | Anckar 2002 |
| Probability of two randomly selected individuals belonging to different religious denominations. | 2001 | ReligiousDiversity2_2001 | 174 | Alesina 2003 | |
| Difference in tolerance of deviant people | Standard deviation of response to 8 questions what kind of people one does not want as a neighbour (answered yes or no) 1) People with a criminal record, 2) People of a different race, 3) Heavy drinkers, 4) Emotionally unstable people, 5) Immigrants / foreign workers, 6) People who have aids, 7) Drug addicts, 8) Homosexuals | 2000 | SD_ToleranceDeviants_2000 | 77 | Achterberg 2009 |
Indexes
| Variable | Measurement | Era | SPSS code | N | Source |
| Ethnic and linguistic homogeneity | % homogeneity | 1960-65 | CulturalDiversityIndex1_1965 | 44 | Kurian 1992 table 1 |
| Cultural diversity | Estes Index of cultural diversity subindex (part of Index of Social Progress): same language, same religion, ethnic fractionalization. | 1979-80 | CulturalDiversityIndex2_1980 | 27 | Estes 1984 table 5-1 |
| Ethnic, cultural and religious fragmentation | Mean of ethnic, linguistic and religious diversity | 1970-95 | CulturalDiversityindex3_1970.95 | 103 | Anckar 2002 |
| Intergroup cohesion | Index of; 1) violent conflict, 2) economic difference between ethnic groups, 2) cultural legacy of group grievance, 3) discrimination of minorities, 4) rejection of minorities by majority, 5) perceived discrimination by minorities | 1988-1992 | IntergroupCohesion_1990 | 64 | ISD database |
| 2008-2010 | IntergroupCohesion_2010 | 110 |
1) Computation: Fragmentation = 1 - sum pi2 , where pi is the share of persons belonging to the ith catagory
| Related variables: Immigration; see topic Migration |
Related topics: |
Related themes Cultural climate Social cohesion |
States of Nations is an inventory of country characteristics. It is part of the World Database of Happiness
Keywords added: Cross-national, Culture, Ethnicity, Diversity, Fragmentation, Conflict, Value conflict, Anomy