Hershfield et al. (2013): study US San Francisco, California 1994
Publication
- Author(s):
- Hershfield, H.E.; Scheibe, S.; Sims, T.
- Title:
- When Feeling Bad Can Be Good: Mixed Emotions Benefit Physical Health Across Adulthood.
- Source:
- Social Psychology and Personal Science, 2013, Vol. 4, 54 - 61
Investigation
- Public
- 18+ aged, general public, San Francisco, California, United States, followed 10 years, 1994-2005
- Survey name
- Unnamed study
- Sample
- Probability area sample
- Respondents
- N = 312
- Non Response
- Assessment
-
Interview: face-to-face
After demographic assesments respondents completes a questionnaire on physical health, happiness and cognitive ability. On an electronic pager participants completed the emotion response questionnaires each time they were paged, 5 times a day at random times. After completion of the week-long data collection they returned to the lab for a follow-up interview, after which they were debriefed and paid for their participation.
Happiness Measure(s) and Distributional Findings
- Full text:
-
Self report on 19 questions repeated 5 times a day
Degree to which one feel emotion at the moment (Full text of lead phrase not reported)
A happiness
B joy
C contentment
D excitement
E pride
F accomplishment
G interest
H amusement
I anger
J sadness
K fear
L disgust
M guilt
N embarrassment
O shame
P anxiety
Q irritation
R frustration
S boredom
Rated
1 not at all
2
3
4
5
6
7 extremely
Computation: (A+B+C+D+E+F+G+H)/8 -(I+J+K+L+M+N+O+P+Q+R+S)/11 - Classification:
- A-AB-mi-mq-n-7-a
- Author's label:
- Happiness
- Remarks:
- PA: M = 3, 60 SD = 1,03
NA: M = 1,64 SD = 0,55
ABS computed by WDH team - Page in publication:
- 56,57
- Error estimates:
- Change by wave: 0.05 (p<.05)
- Observed distribution
- Summary Statistics
- On original range -6 - 6 On range 0-10
- Mean:
- 1.96 -
- SD:
- - -
Correlational Findings
Expert rating of health